[25-1] Fix schemeshard crashes on double vector index replace / drop table after index replace (#20501)

[vitalif]

Changelog category

• Not for changelog (changelog entry is not required)

Description for reviewers

Backport of #20665

[github-actions]

🟢 2025-07-08 13:01:56 UTC The validation of the Pull Request description is successful.

[github-actions]

⚪ 2025-07-08 13:02:49 UTC Pre-commit check linux-x86_64-relwithdebinfo for 556f3fd has started.
⚪ 2025-07-08 13:03:00 UTC Artifacts will be uploaded here
⚪ 2025-07-08 13:05:46 UTC ya make is running...
🟡 2025-07-08 14:03:13 UTC Some tests failed, follow the links below. Going to retry failed tests...

Test history | Ya make output | Test bloat

TESTS	PASSED	ERRORS	FAILED	SKIPPED	MUTED?
19544	18275	0	4	1225	40

⚪ 2025-07-08 14:05:00 UTC ya make is running... (failed tests rerun, try 2)
🟢 2025-07-08 14:25:25 UTC Tests successful.

Test history | Ya make output | Test bloat | Test bloat

TESTS	PASSED	ERRORS	FAILED	SKIPPED	MUTED?
83 (only retried tests)	45	0	0	0	38

🟢 2025-07-08 14:25:34 UTC Build successful.
🟢 2025-07-08 14:25:54 UTC ydbd size 2.1 GiB changed* by +320 Bytes, which is < 100.0 KiB vs stable-25-1: OK

ydbd size dash	stable-25-1: a516552	merge: 556f3fd	diff	diff %
ydbd size	2 303 676 200 Bytes	2 303 676 520 Bytes	+320 Bytes	+0.000%
ydbd stripped size	484 442 528 Bytes	484 442 720 Bytes	+192 Bytes	+0.000%

^{*please be aware that the difference is based on comparing your commit and the last completed build from the post-commit, check comparation}

[github-actions]

⚪ 2025-07-08 13:03:03 UTC Pre-commit check linux-x86_64-release-asan for 556f3fd has started.
⚪ 2025-07-08 13:03:07 UTC Artifacts will be uploaded here
⚪ 2025-07-08 13:05:59 UTC ya make is running...
🟡 2025-07-08 14:23:13 UTC Some tests failed, follow the links below. This fail is not in blocking policy yet Going to retry failed tests...

Test history | Ya make output | Test bloat

TESTS	PASSED	ERRORS	FAILED	SKIPPED	MUTED?
12421	12317	0	44	22	38

⚪ 2025-07-08 14:24:24 UTC ya make is running... (failed tests rerun, try 2)
🟡 2025-07-08 14:45:32 UTC Some tests failed, follow the links below. This fail is not in blocking policy yet Going to retry failed tests...

Test history | Ya make output | Test bloat | Test bloat

TESTS	PASSED	ERRORS	FAILED	SKIPPED	MUTED?
154 (only retried tests)	115	0	4	1	34

⚪ 2025-07-08 14:45:45 UTC ya make is running... (failed tests rerun, try 3)
🟡 2025-07-08 15:06:13 UTC Some tests failed, follow the links below. This fail is not in blocking policy yet

Test history | Ya make output | Test bloat | Test bloat | Test bloat

TESTS	PASSED	ERRORS	FAILED	SKIPPED	MUTED?
66 (only retried tests)	31	0	2	0	33

🟢 2025-07-08 15:06:21 UTC Build successful.
🟢 2025-07-08 15:06:51 UTC ydbd size 3.7 GiB changed* by +432 Bytes, which is < 100.0 KiB vs stable-25-1: OK

ydbd size dash	stable-25-1: a516552	merge: 556f3fd	diff	diff %
ydbd size	4 010 419 400 Bytes	4 010 419 832 Bytes	+432 Bytes	+0.000%
ydbd stripped size	1 399 680 248 Bytes	1 399 680 568 Bytes	+320 Bytes	+0.000%

^{*please be aware that the difference is based on comparing your commit and the last completed build from the post-commit, check comparation}