[25-1-2] Fix schemeshard crashes on double vector index replace / drop table after index replace (#20501)

[vitalif]

Changelog category

• Not for changelog (changelog entry is not required)

Description for reviewers

Backport of #20665

[github-actions]

🟢 2025-07-08 13:02:10 UTC The validation of the Pull Request description is successful.

[github-actions]

⚪ 2025-07-08 12:02:29 UTC Pre-commit check linux-x86_64-relwithdebinfo for e9db455 has started.
⚪ 2025-07-08 12:02:41 UTC Artifacts will be uploaded here
⚪ 2025-07-08 12:05:36 UTC ya make is running...
🟢 2025-07-08 13:09:59 UTC Tests successful.

Test history | Ya make output | Test bloat

TESTS	PASSED	ERRORS	FAILED	SKIPPED	MUTED?
19452	18178	0	0	1213	61

🟢 2025-07-08 13:11:36 UTC Build successful.
🟢 2025-07-08 13:11:54 UTC ydbd size 2.1 GiB changed* by -2.4 KiB, which is <= 0 Bytes vs stable-25-1-2: OK

ydbd size dash	stable-25-1-2: 384aa60	merge: e9db455	diff	diff %
ydbd size	2 256 787 776 Bytes	2 256 785 288 Bytes	-2.4 KiB	-0.000%
ydbd stripped size	477 636 504 Bytes	477 636 216 Bytes	-288 Bytes	-0.000%

^{*please be aware that the difference is based on comparing your commit and the last completed build from the post-commit, check comparation}

[github-actions]

⚪ 2025-07-08 12:02:29 UTC Pre-commit check linux-x86_64-release-asan for e9db455 has started.
⚪ 2025-07-08 12:02:40 UTC Artifacts will be uploaded here
⚪ 2025-07-08 12:05:35 UTC ya make is running...
🟡 2025-07-08 13:21:37 UTC Some tests failed, follow the links below. This fail is not in blocking policy yet Going to retry failed tests...

Test history | Ya make output | Test bloat

TESTS	PASSED	ERRORS	FAILED	SKIPPED	MUTED?
12393	12262	0	27	63	41

⚪ 2025-07-08 13:22:45 UTC ya make is running... (failed tests rerun, try 2)
🟡 2025-07-08 13:44:23 UTC Some tests failed, follow the links below. This fail is not in blocking policy yet Going to retry failed tests...

Test history | Ya make output | Test bloat | Test bloat

TESTS	PASSED	ERRORS	FAILED	SKIPPED	MUTED?
173 (only retried tests)	72	0	8	56	37

⚪ 2025-07-08 13:44:33 UTC ya make is running... (failed tests rerun, try 3)
🟡 2025-07-08 14:04:37 UTC Some tests failed, follow the links below. This fail is not in blocking policy yet

Test history | Ya make output | Test bloat | Test bloat | Test bloat

TESTS	PASSED	ERRORS	FAILED	SKIPPED	MUTED?
134 (only retried tests)	49	0	8	41	36

🟢 2025-07-08 14:04:45 UTC Build successful.
🟢 2025-07-08 14:05:20 UTC ydbd size 3.7 GiB changed* by -3.9 KiB, which is <= 0 Bytes vs stable-25-1-2: OK

ydbd size dash	stable-25-1-2: 384aa60	merge: e9db455	diff	diff %
ydbd size	3 925 681 696 Bytes	3 925 677 728 Bytes	-3.9 KiB	-0.000%
ydbd stripped size	1 372 714 704 Bytes	1 372 713 680 Bytes	-1.0 KiB	-0.000%

^{*please be aware that the difference is based on comparing your commit and the last completed build from the post-commit, check comparation}