[pydoclint] Make example error out-of-the-box (DOC501)

[MeGaGiGaGon]

Summary

Part of #18972

This PR makes docstring-missing-exception (DOC501)'s example error out-of-the-box. Since the exceptions in the function body need to undergo name resolution to figure out if one of them is NotImplementedError, DOC501 won't lint if the raised name is not defined. This could be considered a limitation, but should be fine since F821 already covers undefined names. I did discover a different edge case, but it's not relevant to the example.

Old example

def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
    """Calculate speed as distance divided by time.

    Args:
        distance: Distance traveled.
        time: Time spent traveling.

    Returns:
        Speed as distance divided by time.
    """
    try:
        return distance / time
    except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
        raise FasterThanLightError from exc

New example

class FasterThanLightError(ArithmeticError): ...


def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
    """Calculate speed as distance divided by time.

    Args:
        distance: Distance traveled.
        time: Time spent traveling.

    Returns:
        Speed as distance divided by time.
    """
    try:
        return distance / time
    except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
        raise FasterThanLightError from exc

The "Use instead" section was also updated similarly.

Test Plan

N/A, no functionality/tests affected

[github-actions]

ruff-ecosystem results

Linter (stable)

✅ ecosystem check detected no linter changes.

Linter (preview)

✅ ecosystem check detected no linter changes.