Address #7733 review comments: Sync peer attribution

[jimmygchen]

There were some good review comments made by @dapplion after #7733 was merged here:
#7733 (review)

The main changes that still need to be done

1. Apply retry logic to backfill
2. Evaluate whether LowToleranceError for missing columns - this seem to have caused quick disconnections on devnet
3. Add a counter for retries
4. Persist failed peers across retries

[jimmygchen]

#7762 addresses 1 & 3 above.

I had a conversation with @pawanjay176 and agreed that LowTolerance make sense if peer claims they have a column but is not able to serve it. We were disconnecting peers very frequently on devnet-3 because peers were not great serving data, but it has improved now. Will keep observing.

Regarding persisting failed peers across retries, we think it gives us little gain as the high penalties mean repeated offended will get banned pretty quickly.

Happy to close this issue now.