Poor performance on a Raspberry Pi 5.

[hydra]

I'm here because I'm looking for a Rust 3D render/rasterizer that can render to an image, similar to how it is currently done in the tests, but in a loop. I plan to compressed the image (jpeg) and set over the network to a client in a loop, while the app updates the scene based.

Ideally I need my app to achieve > 15FPS for a reasonable experience, however I ran the simple example crate on a Raspberry Pi 5 and the FPS is < 1. Additionally the system is so unresponsive that the mouse pointer can barely be moved.

I tried in both --release and default dev, the performance was about the same.

i.e.

$ cd crates/example
$ cargo run --release

Additionally there is a large delay before the main windows appears, the delay is longer in release mode.

I can run the glxgears program, and I get up to 55FPS, or up to 2800 with vblank_mode=0

glxinfo output:

glxinfo.txt

Is this expected performance?

[schell]

Hi @hydra - thanks for trying out the project! Supporting the Raspberry Pi is a goal of mine, but I haven't dedicated a ton of effort to it. The main problem is memory. You'd have to start by lowering the size of the atlas, which you can do with the Context::set_default_atlas_texture_size method.

How doe your pi get on with running the tests?

[hydra]

Hi @schell I tried running the tests, there were main failures, regarding out of memory, I have the 16GB Raspberry Pi 5 too. I also tried running the tests on a single thread, that helped but still many failures.

I'll try the atlas thing you mentioned, I'm quite new to all this so forgive me not knowing what it is yet. I'll get back to you with a test failure log and the results of the atlas change shortly.

[hydra]

makerpnp@makerpnp2:~/dev/renderling $ cargo test -- --test-threads=1
    Finished `test` profile [optimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.84s
     Running unittests src/lib.rs (target/debug/deps/example-bd7f51eb137df901)

running 0 tests

test result: ok. 0 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s

     Running unittests src/main.rs (target/debug/deps/example-194cee505f1aadc5)

running 0 tests

test result: ok. 0 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s

     Running unittests src/main.rs (target/debug/deps/example_culling-6bdcd9a03f74966e)

running 0 tests

test result: ok. 0 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s

     Running unittests src/lib.rs (target/debug/deps/examples-ef0a7f7ad8b5e8bf)

running 7 tests
test can_test ... ok
test context::context_page ... ok
test gltf::manual_gltf ... ok
test lighting::manual_lighting ... ok
test lighting::manual_lighting_ibl ... [2025-12-13T09:48:39Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
ok
test skybox::manual_skybox ... [2025-12-13T09:48:41Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
ok
test stage::manual_stage ... [2025-12-13T09:48:43Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
ok

test result: ok. 7 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 10.36s

     Running unittests src/lib.rs (target/debug/deps/img_diff-ae0edd899b6e4aa2)

running 1 test
test test::can_compare_images_sanity ... ok

test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.01s

     Running unittests src/lib.rs (target/debug/deps/loading_bytes-03489b496d59e61e)

running 0 tests

test result: ok. 0 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s

     Running unittests src/lib.rs (target/debug/deps/renderling-5ce3ac95415e1e1d)

running 99 tests
test atlas::cpu::test::atlas_uv_mapping ... ok
test atlas::cpu::test::can_load_and_read_atlas_texture_array ... ok
test atlas::cpu::test::negative_uv_wrapping ... ok
test atlas::cpu::test::transform_uvs_for_atlas ... ok
test atlas::cpu::test::upkeep_trims_the_atlas ... ok
test atlas::cpu::test::uv_wrapping ... ok
test atlas::test::can_repeat ... ok
test atlas::test::constrain_clip_coords_sanity ... ok
test bloom::cpu::test::bloom_sanity ... ok
test bloom::cpu::test::bloom_texture_sizes_sanity ... ok
test bvol::test::aabb_intersection ... ok
test bvol::test::aabb_union ... ok
test bvol::test::bounding_box_from_min_max ... ok
test bvol::test::bvol_frustum_is_in_world_space_sanity ... ok
test bvol::test::frustum_culling_debug_corner_case ... ok
test camera::cpu::test::camera_position_sanity ... ok
test camera::tests::forward ... ok
test color::test::can_rgb_hex_color ... ok
test convolution::test::integrate_brdf_sanity ... ok
test cubemap::cpu::test::hand_rolled_cubemap_sampling ... ok
test cubemap::shader::test::cubemap_face_index ... ok
test cubemap::shader::test::cubemap_right ... ok
test cubemap::test::cubemap_face_index ... ok
test cubemap::test::cubemap_right ... ok
test cull::cpu::test::depth_pyramid_descriptor_sanity ... ok
test cull::cpu::test::occlusion_culling_debugging ... FAILED
test cull::cpu::test::occlusion_culling_sanity ... FAILED
test gltf::anime::test::gltf_simple_animation ... ok
test gltf::test::camera_position_sanity ... ok
test gltf::test::get_vertex_count_primitive_sanity ... ok
test gltf::test::gltf_images ... ok
test gltf::test::minimal_mesh ... ok
test gltf::test::normal_mapping_brick_sphere ... ok
test gltf::test::rigged_fox ... ok
test gltf::test::simple_texture ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test gltf::test::stage_gltf_simple_meshes ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test light::cpu::test::clear_tiles_sanity ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test light::cpu::test::light_bins_point ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test light::cpu::test::light_bins_sanity ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test light::cpu::test::light_tiling_light_bounds ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test light::cpu::test::min_max_depth_sanity ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test light::cpu::test::pedestal ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test light::cpu::test::spot_lights ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test light::cpu::test::spot_one_calc ... ok
test light::cpu::test::spot_one_frame ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test light::cpu::test::tiling_e2e_sanity ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test light::shadow_map::test::shadow_mapping_just_cuboid ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test light::shadow_map::test::shadow_mapping_just_cuboid_red_and_blue ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test light::shadow_map::test::shadow_mapping_point_lights ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test light::shadow_map::test::shadow_mapping_sanity ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test light::shadow_map::test::shadow_mapping_spot_lights ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test light::test::clip_space_bounds_sanity ... ok
test light::test::finding_orthogonal_vectors_sanity ... ok
test light::test::frag_coord_to_tile_index ... ok
test light::test::next_light_sanity ... ok
test light::test::position_direction_sanity ... ok
test linkage::test::validate_shaders ... ok
test math::test::nan_sanity ... ok
test math::test::signum_sanity ... ok
test math::test::step_sanity ... ok
test pbr::brdf::cpu::test::precomputed_brdf ... ok
test pbr::ibl::cpu::test::creates_valid_cubemaps ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test pbr::ibl::cpu::test::mirror_cube_is_lit_by_environment ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test pbr::test::pbr_metallic_roughness_spheres ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test sdf::test::sdf_box_sanity ... ok
test sdf::test::sdf_circle_sanity ... ok
test skybox::cpu::test::hdr_skybox_scene ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test stage::cpu::test::can_global_transform_calculation ... ok
test stage::cpu::test::can_msaa ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test stage::cpu::test::matrix_subtraction_sanity ... ok
test stage::cpu::test::slabbed_vertices_native ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test stage::cpu::test::stage_geometry_desc_sanity ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test stage::cpu::test::vertex_slab_roundtrip ... ok
test stage::test::matrix_hierarchy_sanity ... ok
test stage::test::nested_transform_fox_rigging ... ok
test test::camera_position_from_view_matrix ... ok
test test::can_direct_draw_cube ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test test::can_resize_context_and_stage ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test test::cmy_cube_indices ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test test::cmy_cube_remesh ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test test::cmy_cube_sanity ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test test::cmy_cube_visible ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test test::cmy_triangle_backface ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test test::cmy_triangle_sanity ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test test::cmy_triangle_update_transform ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test test::multi_node_scene ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test test::sanity_transmute ... ok
test test::scene_cube_directional ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test test::scene_parent_sanity ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test test::square_scale_norm_check ... ok
test test::unlit_textured_cube_material ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test texture::test::generate_mipmaps ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test transform::test::transform_roundtrip ... ok
test ui::cpu::path::test::can_build_path_sanity ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test ui::cpu::path::test::can_draw_shapes ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test ui::cpu::path::test::can_fill_image ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test ui::cpu::text::test::can_display_uitext ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test ui::cpu::text::test::recreate_text ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED
test ui::cpu::text::test::text_overlayed ... MESA: error: Failed to allocate device memory for BO
FAILED

failures:

---- cull::cpu::test::occlusion_culling_debugging stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:00Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }

thread 'cull::cpu::test::occlusion_culling_debugging' (236999) panicked at crates/renderling/src/cull/cpu.rs:955:18:
called `Option::unwrap()` on a `None` value
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace

---- cull::cpu::test::occlusion_culling_sanity stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:02Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }

thread 'cull::cpu::test::occlusion_culling_sanity' (237004) panicked at crates/renderling/src/cull/cpu.rs:728:18:
called `Option::unwrap()` on a `None` value

---- gltf::test::simple_texture stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:15Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:15Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'gltf::test::simple_texture' (237040) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- gltf::test::stage_gltf_simple_meshes stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:17Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:17Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'gltf::test::stage_gltf_simple_meshes' (237045) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1704:22:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- light::cpu::test::clear_tiles_sanity stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:17Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:17Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'light::cpu::test::clear_tiles_sanity' (237048) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1704:22:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- light::cpu::test::light_bins_point stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:17Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:17Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'light::cpu::test::light_bins_point' (237051) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1704:22:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- light::cpu::test::light_bins_sanity stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:17Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:17Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'light::cpu::test::light_bins_sanity' (237054) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1704:22:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- light::cpu::test::light_tiling_light_bounds stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:17Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:18Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'light::cpu::test::light_tiling_light_bounds' (237057) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1704:22:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- light::cpu::test::min_max_depth_sanity stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:18Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:18Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'light::cpu::test::min_max_depth_sanity' (237060) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1704:22:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- light::cpu::test::pedestal stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:18Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:18Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'light::cpu::test::pedestal' (237063) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1704:22:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- light::cpu::test::spot_lights stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:18Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:18Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'light::cpu::test::spot_lights' (237066) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1704:22:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- light::cpu::test::spot_one_frame stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:18Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:18Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'light::cpu::test::spot_one_frame' (237070) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1704:22:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- light::cpu::test::tiling_e2e_sanity stdout ----
tiling e2e with tile_size:16, max_lights_per_tile:32, minimum_illuminance: 0.1
[2025-12-13T09:49:18Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:18Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'light::cpu::test::tiling_e2e_sanity' (237073) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- light::shadow_map::test::shadow_mapping_just_cuboid stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:18Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:18Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'light::shadow_map::test::shadow_mapping_just_cuboid' (237076) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1704:22:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- light::shadow_map::test::shadow_mapping_just_cuboid_red_and_blue stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:18Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:18Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'light::shadow_map::test::shadow_mapping_just_cuboid_red_and_blue' (237079) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1704:22:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- light::shadow_map::test::shadow_mapping_point_lights stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:18Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:18Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'light::shadow_map::test::shadow_mapping_point_lights' (237082) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1704:22:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- light::shadow_map::test::shadow_mapping_sanity stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:18Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:19Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'light::shadow_map::test::shadow_mapping_sanity' (237085) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1704:22:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- light::shadow_map::test::shadow_mapping_spot_lights stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:19Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:19Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'light::shadow_map::test::shadow_mapping_spot_lights' (237088) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1704:22:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- pbr::ibl::cpu::test::creates_valid_cubemaps stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'pbr::ibl::cpu::test::creates_valid_cubemaps' (237105) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1704:22:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- pbr::ibl::cpu::test::mirror_cube_is_lit_by_environment stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'pbr::ibl::cpu::test::mirror_cube_is_lit_by_environment' (237108) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1704:22:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- pbr::test::pbr_metallic_roughness_spheres stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'pbr::test::pbr_metallic_roughness_spheres' (237111) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- skybox::cpu::test::hdr_skybox_scene stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'skybox::cpu::test::hdr_skybox_scene' (237116) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- stage::cpu::test::can_msaa stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'stage::cpu::test::can_msaa' (237120) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- stage::cpu::test::slabbed_vertices_native stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'stage::cpu::test::slabbed_vertices_native' (237124) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1704:22:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- stage::cpu::test::stage_geometry_desc_sanity stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'stage::cpu::test::stage_geometry_desc_sanity' (237127) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- test::can_direct_draw_cube stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'test::can_direct_draw_cube' (237134) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- test::can_resize_context_and_stage stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'test::can_resize_context_and_stage' (237137) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- test::cmy_cube_indices stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'test::cmy_cube_indices' (237140) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- test::cmy_cube_remesh stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'test::cmy_cube_remesh' (237143) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- test::cmy_cube_sanity stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'test::cmy_cube_sanity' (237146) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- test::cmy_cube_visible stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'test::cmy_cube_visible' (237149) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- test::cmy_triangle_backface stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'test::cmy_triangle_backface' (237152) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- test::cmy_triangle_sanity stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'test::cmy_triangle_sanity' (237155) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- test::cmy_triangle_update_transform stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'test::cmy_triangle_update_transform' (237158) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- test::multi_node_scene stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'test::multi_node_scene' (237161) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- test::scene_cube_directional stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:20Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:21Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'test::scene_cube_directional' (237165) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- test::scene_parent_sanity stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:21Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:21Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'test::scene_parent_sanity' (237168) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- test::unlit_textured_cube_material stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:21Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:21Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'test::unlit_textured_cube_material' (237172) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- texture::test::generate_mipmaps stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:21Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:21Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'texture::test::generate_mipmaps' (237175) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1807:22:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- ui::cpu::path::test::can_build_path_sanity stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:21Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:21Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'ui::cpu::path::test::can_build_path_sanity' (237181) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- ui::cpu::path::test::can_draw_shapes stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:21Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:21Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'ui::cpu::path::test::can_draw_shapes' (237184) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- ui::cpu::path::test::can_fill_image stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:21Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:21Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'ui::cpu::path::test::can_fill_image' (237187) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- ui::cpu::text::test::can_display_uitext stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:21Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:21Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'ui::cpu::text::test::can_display_uitext' (237190) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- ui::cpu::text::test::recreate_text stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:21Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:21Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'ui::cpu::text::test::recreate_text' (237193) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory


---- ui::cpu::text::test::text_overlayed stdout ----
[2025-12-13T09:49:21Z ERROR renderling::internal::cpu] requested but unsupported features: Features {
        features_wgpu: FeaturesWGPU(
            MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT,
        ),
        features_webgpu: FeaturesWebGPU(
            0x0,
        ),
    }
[2025-12-13T09:49:21Z ERROR wgpu::backend::wgpu_core] Handling wgpu errors as fatal by default

thread 'ui::cpu::text::test::text_overlayed' (237196) panicked at /home/makerpnp/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wgpu-26.0.1/src/backend/wgpu_core.rs:1454:26:
wgpu error: Out of Memory



failures:
    cull::cpu::test::occlusion_culling_debugging
    cull::cpu::test::occlusion_culling_sanity
    gltf::test::simple_texture
    gltf::test::stage_gltf_simple_meshes
    light::cpu::test::clear_tiles_sanity
    light::cpu::test::light_bins_point
    light::cpu::test::light_bins_sanity
    light::cpu::test::light_tiling_light_bounds
    light::cpu::test::min_max_depth_sanity
    light::cpu::test::pedestal
    light::cpu::test::spot_lights
    light::cpu::test::spot_one_frame
    light::cpu::test::tiling_e2e_sanity
    light::shadow_map::test::shadow_mapping_just_cuboid
    light::shadow_map::test::shadow_mapping_just_cuboid_red_and_blue
    light::shadow_map::test::shadow_mapping_point_lights
    light::shadow_map::test::shadow_mapping_sanity
    light::shadow_map::test::shadow_mapping_spot_lights
    pbr::ibl::cpu::test::creates_valid_cubemaps
    pbr::ibl::cpu::test::mirror_cube_is_lit_by_environment
    pbr::test::pbr_metallic_roughness_spheres
    skybox::cpu::test::hdr_skybox_scene
    stage::cpu::test::can_msaa
    stage::cpu::test::slabbed_vertices_native
    stage::cpu::test::stage_geometry_desc_sanity
    test::can_direct_draw_cube
    test::can_resize_context_and_stage
    test::cmy_cube_indices
    test::cmy_cube_remesh
    test::cmy_cube_sanity
    test::cmy_cube_visible
    test::cmy_triangle_backface
    test::cmy_triangle_sanity
    test::cmy_triangle_update_transform
    test::multi_node_scene
    test::scene_cube_directional
    test::scene_parent_sanity
    test::unlit_textured_cube_material
    texture::test::generate_mipmaps
    ui::cpu::path::test::can_build_path_sanity
    ui::cpu::path::test::can_draw_shapes
    ui::cpu::path::test::can_fill_image
    ui::cpu::text::test::can_display_uitext
    ui::cpu::text::test::recreate_text
    ui::cpu::text::test::text_overlayed

test result: FAILED. 54 passed; 45 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 35.89s

error: test failed, to rerun pass `-p renderling --lib`

[hydra]

I changed the code in main.rs of the example create to be:

        // Set up a new renderling context
        let ctx = futures_lite::future::block_on(Context::from_winit_window(None, window.clone()))
            .with_default_atlas_texture_size([1024,1024,2]);

I tried using smaller values, but that just resulted in panics:

called `Result::unwrap()` on an `Err` value: Atlas { source: CannotPackTextures { size: (512, 512, 2) } }

However there was NO change to performance.

With the above setting, it runs for a few seconds, then panics with:

thread 'main' (246829) panicked at crates/renderling/src/ui/cpu/text.rs:91:52:
called `Result::unwrap()` on an `Err` value: Atlas { source: CannotPackTextures { size: (1024, 1024, 2) } }
stack backtrace:
   0: __rustc::rust_begin_unwind
   1: core::panicking::panic_fmt
   2: core::result::unwrap_failed
   3: renderling::ui::cpu::text::UiTextBuilder::build
   4: example::AppUi::make_fps_widget
   5: example::App::tick
   6: core::ops::function::impls::<impl core::ops::function::FnMut<A> for &mut F>::call_mut
   7: winit::platform_impl::linux::wayland::event_loop::EventLoop<T>::pump_events
   8: winit::platform_impl::linux::wayland::event_loop::EventLoop<T>::run_on_demand
   9: example::main
note: Some details are omitted, run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=full` for a verbose backtrace.

Screenshot:

[hydra]

Let me give you a bit of context about what I'm doing so you can understand my use-case.

I'm making Pick and Place machine software, for Makers.

URLS:

1. Machine operations (server/client/firmware): https://github.com/MakerPnP/machine
2. Planning and tooling: https://github.com/MakerPnP/makerpnp

In the machine software suite there is a server application and a client application, the client application is designed to run either on the same machine as the server, or on a different machine entirely. The server is responsible for machine movement, e.g. X/Y gantry, Z nozzles, feeders, etc.

The machines have physical cameras, (CSI-2/USB,etc) these are streamed to the client application for display. e.g. one on the head, one facing upwards at components.

I also want to have a 3D preview of the machine, and virtual cameras so that people can use the software and develop it without access to a physical machine.

Thus, I need a 3D system which needs to run on the server, typically medium-end SoC systems, like an RPi5, the idea is that the 3D preview and virtual camera images are generated by the server, as a response to user-input on the client, and sent over the network upon change.

Most of the models in 3D system I'm using do not need textures, they only need solid color fills on the surfaces. Typically I'd be dealing with 3D model exports from a cad program of the machine and it's moving parts, 3D models of electronic components, usually in step/igs/stl format.

The only texture I can think of would be for 3D model of the PCB, I plan to add some gerber->image code to generate the texture.

[schell]

Thanks for the detailed data! Your project sounds really cool. I would like to prioritize support for RPi, and I'm currently drafting the project plan for the next year, so I'll add this in and get on it ASAP.

From looking at the test output I think what's happening is everything is fine until it hits OOM, then of course everything falls over. What exactly is causing the OOM issues I'm not sure. The atlases take the largest amount of memory when creating a Stage, followed by mesh data. In some cases there will be two copies of mesh data, one on the CPU and one on the GPU. But once a test finishes this should all be dropped.

I need to get out one of my RPis and run the test suite, but at the very least I can have the Stage report better errors, and I can do this in the short term.

[schell]

I also meant to mention that maybe somehow the GPU memory isn't being released between tests. I'm not sure how or why, but I can see that your Pi successfully runs the rigged_fox test, which creates a Stage, loads a GLTF file and renders it with and without vertex skinning. After that test though, any test that tries to alloc GPU storage fails.