chore: update TypeScript version to 5.8

[aryaemami59]

This PR:

• Bumps TypeScript to version 5.8.
• Adds TypeScript 5.8 to TS versions to test against during CI.
• Remove TypeScript versions lower than 5.0 from the CI matrix.

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[timdorr]

On our test suite, how far back do we want to go on the Typescript versions? 5.1 is coming up on 2 years old, so not the youngest version but not that far behind. More of a question than anything else.

[aryaemami59]

@timdorr Not sure tbh but we just got rid of <5.0 I'd say let's stick with this for at least a little while then I can get rid of 5.0 and 5.1 if everyone else is okay with it.

Edit: Looks like we're currently pretty much in sync with defnitely typed (oldest supported version is 5.0). As soon as 5.9 is released we can remove 5.0.