FIX: Allow aggregate to return dictionaries again #16741

doc/source/whatsnew/v0.21.0.txt

@@ -90,6 +90,8 @@ Performance Improvements
 Bug Fixes
 ~~~~~~~~~
 
+- Fixes regression in 0.20, `aggregate` allows dictionaries as return values again (:issue:`16741`)
+
 Conversion
 ^^^^^^^^^^
 

pandas/_libs/src/reduce.pyx

@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ cdef class SeriesGrouper:
 cdef inline _extract_result(object res):
     """ extract the result object, it might be a 0-dim ndarray
         or a len-1 0-dim, or a scalar """
-    if hasattr(res, 'values'):
+    if hasattr(res, 'values') and isinstance(res.values, np.ndarray):
         res = res.values
     if not np.isscalar(res):
         if isinstance(res, np.ndarray):

pandas/tests/groupby/test_aggregate.py

@@ -611,6 +611,11 @@ def test_cython_agg_frame_columns(self):
         df.groupby(level=0, axis='columns').mean()
         df.groupby(level=0, axis='columns').mean()
 
+    def test_cython_agg_return_dict(self):
+        ts = self.df.groupby('A')['B'].agg(
+            lambda x: x.value_counts().to_dict())
+        assert isinstance(ts.loc['foo'], dict)
+
     def test_cython_fail_agg(self):
         dr = bdate_range('1/1/2000', periods=50)
         ts = Series(['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'] * 10, index=dr)