style: pipe operator for union type hints

[jhoward-lm]

This PR updates union type annotations to use the PEP-604 pipe operator, changing type hints like this:

Optional[Union[str, Dict[str, str]]]

to this:

str | dict[str, str] | None

The changes were auto-generated by running pyupgrade --py38-plus src/packageurl/__init__.py. It switches to using built-in types dict and tuple rather than typing.Dict and typing.Tuple.

Miscellaneous

• applied refactorings suggested by sourcery
  • assign-if-exp: replace if statements, e.g.:

     if isinstance(s, str):
         s_bytes = s.encode("utf-8")
     else:
         s_bytes = s

    with if expressions:

    s_bytes = s.encode("utf-8") if isinstance(s, str) else s

  • avoid-builtin-shadow: don't assign to builtin variable type (renames local variable type to type_ in PackageURL.from_string())
• applied fixes suggested by ruff
  • RUF010: Use explicit conversion flag (change instances of f"{repr(value)}" to f"{value!r}")

[jhoward-lm]

@tdruez @gruebel Here's the follow-on PR for what we discussed in this comment

[jkowalleck]

the pipe syntax is not available before python v8.10
the very library supports python 3.8

does this change cause no issues?

I mean, the lint/mypy might not properly detect - they run in py3.9 --

packageurl-python/.github/workflows/ci.yml

Line 17 in 48b22b5

python-version: "3.9"

I would at least expect that build-and-test CI/CT detects issues running on py3.8.
tested:

$ docker run --rm -it --entrypoint python python:3.8.0 -c "
  from typing import Union
  AnyStr = Union[str, bytes]
  def normalize_type(type: AnyStr | None, encode: bool | None = True) -> str | None:
    pass
  "
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 4, in <module>
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for |: '_GenericAlias' and 'NoneType'

[jhoward-lm]

@jkowalleck try also adding from __future__ import annotations