Add a periodic job for building and test musl

[jsturtevant]

fixes: #606

This pull request refactors the CI workflows and Justfile to improve support for musl target. It refactors the rust build job so it can be re-used across multiple targets and other github workflows. This doesn't currently reduce the number of jobs we run on PR's but sets the foundation for being able to reduce the number of items run.

When enabling musl I found a few items which will need follow up (will create issues):

• Building tracy-client (used in one of the tests) didn't build on musl cleanly. I was able to get it build using cross but there was more extensive changes require to get cross working so disabled it for now, the rest of the other examples work.
• The seccomp tests fail with signal: 11, SIGSEGV: invalid memory reference when executing host functions that violate a seccomp rule. We've seen a few other issues around this code so to get basic coverage up I've disabled this for now and plan to revisit enabling this feature.
• Includes a fix for CI instability on test_gdb_end_to_end  #626. Not sure why this was easier to reproduce with musl builds but I ran into this race condition a couple times while testing.

This does require installing some tools on the host VM's so I've marked this in draft until those tools are enabled.