Backport of Add component registry source resolution support to Terraform Stacks into v1.14

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Backport

This PR is auto-generated from #37888 to be assessed for backporting due to the inclusion of the label 1.14-backport.

I manually cherrypicked 2c075b9

The below text is copied from the body of the original PR.

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This change implements the missing component source resolution case in the stack configuration loader, enabling Terraform Stacks to properly handle component registry sources from HCP Terraform and other component registries.

The implementation mirrors the existing module registry resolution workflow, where component sources are first resolved to their versioned form using the source bundle's component metadata, then converted to final source addresses that can be used to locate the actual component code. This completes the integration between the terraform-registry-address component parsing capabilities and the go-slug sourcebundle component resolution APIs.

Fixes #

Target Release

1.15.x

Rollback Plan

• If a change needs to be reverted, we will roll out an update to the code within 7 days.

Changes to Security Controls

Are there any changes to security controls (access controls, encryption, logging) in this pull request? If so, explain.

CHANGELOG entry

• This change is user-facing and I added a changelog entry.
• This change is not user-facing.

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Overview of commits

• 4ee1783

• ee9c7f3

• 422691d

• 025583b

• 63e2ed9

• 29dfeae

• 70be592

• ddc1d11

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Changelog Warning

Currently this PR would target a v1.15 release. Please add a changelog entry for in the .changes/v1.15 folder, or discuss which release you'd like to target with your reviewer. If you believe this change does not need a changelog entry, please add the 'no-changelog-needed' label.