stages/captcha: Make stage more managed with provider-specific defaults

[dominic-r]

Reopened to reset code owner check

Details

REPLACE ME

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Checklist

• Local tests pass (ak test authentik/)
• The code has been formatted (make lint-fix)

If an API change has been made

• The API schema has been updated (make gen-build)

If changes to the frontend have been made

• The code has been formatted (make web)

If applicable

• The documentation has been updated
• The documentation has been formatted (make docs)

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[netlify]

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 92.77%. Comparing base (cf4dd24) to head (03946db).
⚠️ Report is 2 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #16129      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   92.77%   92.77%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         836      836              
  Lines       45160    45160              
==========================================
- Hits        41899    41898       -1     
- Misses       3261     3262       +1     

Flag	Coverage Δ
e2e	46.60% <ø> (-0.01%)	⬇️
integration	23.58% <ø> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
unit	90.91% <ø> (+<0.01%)	⬆️

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