How do you prevent race conditions when multiple threads access shared resources?

[kenshin101]

import threading

counter = 0

def increment():
global counter
for _ in range(1000):
counter += 1

threads = [threading.Thread(target=increment) for _ in range(10)]
[t.start() for t in threads]
[t.join() for t in threads]

print(counter) # Expected: 10000, Actual: varies

[shafayatsaad]

• Use locks/mutexes (threading.Lock in Python, std::mutex in C++).
• Consider atomic operations for counters.
• Use thread-safe data structures.