chore: Bump supported golang version in Quick Start Code Samples from 1.23 to 1.24

[Nishi-1412]

No description provided.

[gemini-code-assist]

Summary of Changes

Hello @Nishi-1412, I'm Gemini Code Assist¹! I'm currently reviewing this pull request and will post my feedback shortly. In the meantime, here's a summary to help you and other reviewers quickly get up to speed!

This pull request focuses on a routine maintenance update, bringing several Go code samples and their associated deployment configurations up to date with the Go 1.24 runtime release. The changes ensure that these samples leverage the latest stable version of Go, maintaining their relevance and functionality within the Google Cloud Platform ecosystem.

Highlights

• Go Version Updates: Updated the specified Go version from 1.23 to 1.24 across various go.mod files in different sample directories, ensuring compatibility with the latest Go runtime.
• App Engine Configuration Updates: Modified app.yaml files for both App Engine standard and flexible environments to reflect the new Go 1.24 runtime, specifically changing runtime: go123 to runtime: go124 and runtime_version: 1.23 to runtime_version: 1.24.
• Dockerfile Base Image Update: Updated the base Docker image for the run/helloworld sample from golang:1.23-bookworm to golang:1.24-bookworm, aligning the container build environment with Go 1.24.

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[gemini-code-assist]

Code Review

This pull request correctly updates the Go runtime version to 1.24 for several code samples across App Engine, Cloud Functions, and Cloud Run. The changes in app.yaml, go.mod, and Dockerfile files are accurate and consistent with the goal of the PR.

However, the update appears to be incomplete. I've noticed that several parent go.mod files still reference the older Go version (go 1.23.0). To ensure consistency across the entire repository and prevent potential issues with tooling, I recommend also updating the following files to go 1.24.0:

• appengine/go.mod
• functions/go.mod
• run/go.mod

Once these files are included, this PR will be a complete and consistent update for the Go 1.24 runtime.