diff --git a/packages/next/src/client/app-index.tsx b/packages/next/src/client/app-index.tsx
index 41722337e1872..3c059896a6fe5 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/client/app-index.tsx
+++ b/packages/next/src/client/app-index.tsx
@@ -139,10 +139,10 @@ const readable = new ReadableStream({
   },
 })
 
-const initialServerResponse = createFromReadableStream(readable, {
-  callServer,
-  findSourceMapURL,
-})
+const initialServerResponse = createFromReadableStream<InitialRSCPayload>(
+  readable,
+  { callServer, findSourceMapURL }
+)
 
 // React overrides `.then` and doesn't return a new promise chain,
 // so we wrap the action queue in a promise to ensure that its value
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ const initialServerResponse = createFromReadableStream(readable, {
 const pendingActionQueue: Promise<AppRouterActionQueue> = new Promise(
   (resolve, reject) => {
     initialServerResponse.then(
-      (initialRSCPayload: InitialRSCPayload) => {
+      (initialRSCPayload) => {
         resolve(
           createMutableActionQueue(
             createInitialRouterState({
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ const pendingActionQueue: Promise<AppRouterActionQueue> = new Promise(
 )
 
 function ServerRoot(): React.ReactNode {
-  const initialRSCPayload = use<InitialRSCPayload>(initialServerResponse)
+  const initialRSCPayload = use(initialServerResponse)
   const actionQueue = use<AppRouterActionQueue>(pendingActionQueue)
 
   const router = (
diff --git a/packages/next/src/client/components/router-reducer/reducers/server-action-reducer.ts b/packages/next/src/client/components/router-reducer/reducers/server-action-reducer.ts
index db9492df7d42f..4d683a293e7fb 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/client/components/router-reducer/reducers/server-action-reducer.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/client/components/router-reducer/reducers/server-action-reducer.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import {
 // import { createFromFetch } from 'react-server-dom-webpack/client'
 // // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-extraneous-dependencies
 // import { encodeReply } from 'react-server-dom-webpack/client'
-const { createFromFetch, encodeReply } = (
+const { createFromFetch, createTemporaryReferenceSet, encodeReply } = (
   !!process.env.NEXT_RUNTIME
     ? // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-extraneous-dependencies
       require('react-server-dom-webpack/client.edge')
@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@ async function fetchServerAction(
   nextUrl: ReadonlyReducerState['nextUrl'],
   { actionId, actionArgs }: ServerActionAction
 ): Promise<FetchServerActionResult> {
-  const body = await encodeReply(actionArgs)
+  const temporaryReferences = createTemporaryReferenceSet()
+  const body = await encodeReply(actionArgs, { temporaryReferences })
 
   const res = await fetch('', {
     method: 'POST',
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ async function fetchServerAction(
   if (contentType?.startsWith(RSC_CONTENT_TYPE_HEADER)) {
     const response: ActionFlightResponse = await createFromFetch(
       Promise.resolve(res),
-      { callServer, findSourceMapURL }
+      { callServer, findSourceMapURL, temporaryReferences }
     )
 
     if (location) {
diff --git a/packages/next/src/server/app-render/action-handler.ts b/packages/next/src/server/app-render/action-handler.ts
index 9417c81dcd6df..1c5e98b66d22b 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/server/app-render/action-handler.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/server/app-render/action-handler.ts
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ import { selectWorkerForForwarding } from './action-utils'
 import { isNodeNextRequest, isWebNextRequest } from '../base-http/helpers'
 import { RedirectStatusCode } from '../../client/components/redirect-status-code'
 import { synchronizeMutableCookies } from '../async-storage/request-store'
+import type { TemporaryReferenceSet } from 'react-server-dom-webpack/server.edge'
 
 function formDataFromSearchQueryString(query: string) {
   const searchParams = new URLSearchParams(query)
@@ -394,12 +395,11 @@ function limitUntrustedHeaderValueForLogs(value: string) {
 
 type ServerModuleMap = Record<
   string,
-  | {
-      id: string
-      chunks: string[]
-      name: string
-    }
-  | undefined
+  {
+    id: string
+    chunks: string[]
+    name: string
+  }
 >
 
 type ServerActionsConfig = {
@@ -460,6 +460,8 @@ export async function handleAction({
     )
   }
 
+  let temporaryReferences: TemporaryReferenceSet | undefined
+
   const finalizeAndGenerateFlight: GenerateFlight = (...args) => {
     // When we switch to the render phase, cookies() will return
     // `workUnitStore.cookies` instead of `workUnitStore.userspaceMutableCookies`.
@@ -562,6 +564,7 @@ export async function handleAction({
             actionResult: promise,
             // if the page was not revalidated, we can skip the rendering the flight tree
             skipFlight: !workStore.pathWasRevalidated,
+            temporaryReferences,
           }),
         }
       }
@@ -617,19 +620,31 @@ export async function handleAction({
         process.env.NEXT_RUNTIME === 'edge' &&
         isWebNextRequest(req)
       ) {
-        // Use react-server-dom-webpack/server.edge
-        const { decodeReply, decodeAction, decodeFormState } = ComponentMod
         if (!req.body) {
           throw new Error('invariant: Missing request body.')
         }
 
         // TODO: add body limit
 
+        // Use react-server-dom-webpack/server.edge
+        const {
+          createTemporaryReferenceSet,
+          decodeReply,
+          decodeAction,
+          decodeFormState,
+        } = ComponentMod
+
+        temporaryReferences = createTemporaryReferenceSet()
+
         if (isMultipartAction) {
           // TODO-APP: Add streaming support
           const formData = await req.request.formData()
           if (isFetchAction) {
-            boundActionArguments = await decodeReply(formData, serverModuleMap)
+            boundActionArguments = await decodeReply(
+              formData,
+              serverModuleMap,
+              { temporaryReferences }
+            )
           } else {
             const action = await decodeAction(formData, serverModuleMap)
             if (typeof action === 'function') {
@@ -672,11 +687,16 @@ export async function handleAction({
 
           if (isURLEncodedAction) {
             const formData = formDataFromSearchQueryString(actionData)
-            boundActionArguments = await decodeReply(formData, serverModuleMap)
+            boundActionArguments = await decodeReply(
+              formData,
+              serverModuleMap,
+              { temporaryReferences }
+            )
           } else {
             boundActionArguments = await decodeReply(
               actionData,
-              serverModuleMap
+              serverModuleMap,
+              { temporaryReferences }
             )
           }
         }
@@ -688,11 +708,16 @@ export async function handleAction({
       ) {
         // Use react-server-dom-webpack/server.node which supports streaming
         const {
+          createTemporaryReferenceSet,
           decodeReply,
           decodeReplyFromBusboy,
           decodeAction,
           decodeFormState,
-        } = require(`./react-server.node`)
+        } = require(
+          `./react-server.node`
+        ) as typeof import('./react-server.node')
+
+        temporaryReferences = createTemporaryReferenceSet()
 
         const { Transform } =
           require('node:stream') as typeof import('node:stream')
@@ -742,7 +767,8 @@ export async function handleAction({
 
             boundActionArguments = await decodeReplyFromBusboy(
               busboy,
-              serverModuleMap
+              serverModuleMap,
+              { temporaryReferences }
             )
           } else {
             // React doesn't yet publish a busboy version of decodeAction
@@ -772,7 +798,11 @@ export async function handleAction({
               // Only warn if it's a server action, otherwise skip for other post requests
               warnBadServerActionRequest()
               const actionReturnedState = await action()
-              formState = await decodeFormState(actionReturnedState, formData)
+              formState = await decodeFormState(
+                actionReturnedState,
+                formData,
+                serverModuleMap
+              )
             }
 
             // Skip the fetch path
@@ -799,11 +829,16 @@ export async function handleAction({
 
           if (isURLEncodedAction) {
             const formData = formDataFromSearchQueryString(actionData)
-            boundActionArguments = await decodeReply(formData, serverModuleMap)
+            boundActionArguments = await decodeReply(
+              formData,
+              serverModuleMap,
+              { temporaryReferences }
+            )
           } else {
             boundActionArguments = await decodeReply(
               actionData,
-              serverModuleMap
+              serverModuleMap,
+              { temporaryReferences }
             )
           }
         }
@@ -855,6 +890,7 @@ export async function handleAction({
           actionResult: Promise.resolve(returnVal),
           // if the page was not revalidated, or if the action was forwarded from another worker, we can skip the rendering the flight tree
           skipFlight: !workStore.pathWasRevalidated || actionWasForwarded,
+          temporaryReferences,
         })
       }
     })
@@ -929,6 +965,7 @@ export async function handleAction({
           result: await finalizeAndGenerateFlight(req, ctx, {
             skipFlight: false,
             actionResult: promise,
+            temporaryReferences,
           }),
         }
       }
@@ -963,6 +1000,7 @@ export async function handleAction({
           actionResult: promise,
           // if the page was not revalidated, or if the action was forwarded from another worker, we can skip the rendering the flight tree
           skipFlight: !workStore.pathWasRevalidated || actionWasForwarded,
+          temporaryReferences,
         }),
       }
     }
diff --git a/packages/next/src/server/app-render/app-render.tsx b/packages/next/src/server/app-render/app-render.tsx
index b927be0fb39c8..3d4814c4c4882 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/server/app-render/app-render.tsx
+++ b/packages/next/src/server/app-render/app-render.tsx
@@ -492,6 +492,7 @@ async function generateDynamicFlightRenderResult(
     skipFlight: boolean
     componentTree?: CacheNodeSeedData
     preloadCallbacks?: PreloadCallbacks
+    temporaryReferences?: WeakMap<any, string>
   }
 ): Promise<RenderResult> {
   const renderOpts = ctx.renderOpts
@@ -517,6 +518,7 @@ async function generateDynamicFlightRenderResult(
     ctx.clientReferenceManifest.clientModules,
     {
       onError,
+      temporaryReferences: options?.temporaryReferences,
     }
   )
 
diff --git a/packages/next/src/server/app-render/entry-base.ts b/packages/next/src/server/app-render/entry-base.ts
index 261cb94813187..9fe0b0f4a05f4 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/server/app-render/entry-base.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/server/app-render/entry-base.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-extraneous-dependencies
 export {
+  createTemporaryReferenceSet,
   renderToReadableStream,
   decodeReply,
   decodeAction,
diff --git a/packages/next/src/server/app-render/react-server.node.ts b/packages/next/src/server/app-render/react-server.node.ts
index 404aa7a87a882..29e42af3891f3 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/server/app-render/react-server.node.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/server/app-render/react-server.node.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-extraneous-dependencies
 export {
+  createTemporaryReferenceSet,
   decodeReply,
   decodeReplyFromBusboy,
   decodeAction,
diff --git a/packages/next/types/$$compiled.internal.d.ts b/packages/next/types/$$compiled.internal.d.ts
index e4ff405b5c7a6..7ddaa44108097 100644
--- a/packages/next/types/$$compiled.internal.d.ts
+++ b/packages/next/types/$$compiled.internal.d.ts
@@ -34,20 +34,93 @@ declare module 'next/dist/compiled/react-dom/server'
 declare module 'next/dist/compiled/react-dom/server.edge'
 declare module 'next/dist/compiled/browserslist'
 
-declare module 'react-server-dom-webpack/client'
+declare module 'react-server-dom-webpack/client' {
+  export interface Options {
+    callServer?: CallServerCallback
+    temporaryReferences?: TemporaryReferenceSet
+    findSourceMapURL?: FindSourceMapURLCallback
+    replayConsoleLogs?: boolean
+    environmentName?: string
+  }
+
+  type TemporaryReferenceSet = Map<string, unknown>
+
+  export type CallServerCallback = (
+    id: string,
+    args: unknown[]
+  ) => Promise<unknown>
+
+  export type EncodeFormActionCallback = <A>(
+    id: any,
+    args: Promise<A>
+  ) => ReactCustomFormAction
+
+  export type ReactCustomFormAction = {
+    name?: string
+    action?: string
+    encType?: string
+    method?: string
+    target?: string
+    data?: null | FormData
+  }
+
+  export type FindSourceMapURLCallback = (
+    fileName: string,
+    environmentName: string
+  ) => null | string
+
+  export function createFromFetch<T>(
+    promiseForResponse: Promise<Response>,
+    options?: Options
+  ): Promise<T>
+
+  export function createFromReadableStream<T>(
+    stream: ReadableStream,
+    options?: Options
+  ): Promise<T>
+
+  export function createServerReference(
+    id: string,
+    callServer: CallServerCallback,
+    encodeFormAction?: EncodeFormActionCallback,
+    findSourceMapURL?: FindSourceMapURLCallback, // DEV-only
+    functionName?: string
+  ): (...args: unknown[]) => Promise<unknown>
+
+  export function createTemporaryReferenceSet(
+    ...args: unknown[]
+  ): TemporaryReferenceSet
+
+  export function encodeReply(
+    value: unknown,
+    options?: { temporaryReferences?: TemporaryReferenceSet }
+  ): Promise<string | FormData>
+}
+
 declare module 'react-server-dom-webpack/server.edge' {
+  export type ImportManifestEntry = {
+    id: string | number
+    // chunks is a double indexed array of chunkId / chunkFilename pairs
+    chunks: ReadonlyArray<string>
+    name: string
+    async?: boolean
+  }
+
+  export type ClientManifest = {
+    [id: string]: ImportManifestEntry
+  }
+
+  export type ServerManifest = {
+    [id: string]: ImportManifestEntry
+  }
+
+  export type TemporaryReferenceSet = WeakMap<any, string>
+
   export function renderToReadableStream(
     model: any,
-    webpackMap: {
-      readonly [id: string]: {
-        readonly id: string | number
-        readonly chunks: readonly string[]
-        readonly name: string
-        readonly async?: boolean
-      }
-    },
+    webpackMap: ClientManifest,
     options?: {
-      temporaryReferences?: string
+      temporaryReferences?: TemporaryReferenceSet
       environmentName?: string | (() => string)
       filterStackFrame?: (url: string, functionName: string) => boolean
       onError?: (error: unknown) => void
@@ -56,15 +129,15 @@ declare module 'react-server-dom-webpack/server.edge' {
     }
   ): ReadableStream<Uint8Array>
 
-  export function createTemporaryReferenceSet(...args: any[]): any
-
-  type ServerManifest = {}
+  export function createTemporaryReferenceSet(
+    ...args: unknown[]
+  ): TemporaryReferenceSet
 
   export function decodeReply<T>(
     body: string | FormData,
     webpackMap: ServerManifest,
     options?: {
-      temporaryReferences?: unknown
+      temporaryReferences?: TemporaryReferenceSet
     }
   ): Promise<T>
   export function decodeAction<T>(
@@ -85,7 +158,57 @@ declare module 'react-server-dom-webpack/server.edge' {
 
   export function createClientModuleProxy(moduleId: string): unknown
 }
-declare module 'react-server-dom-webpack/server.node'
+declare module 'react-server-dom-webpack/server.node' {
+  import type { Busboy } from 'busboy'
+
+  export type TemporaryReferenceSet = WeakMap<any, string>
+
+  export type ImportManifestEntry = {
+    id: string
+    // chunks is a double indexed array of chunkId / chunkFilename pairs
+    chunks: Array<string>
+    name: string
+    async?: boolean
+  }
+
+  export type ServerManifest = {
+    [id: string]: ImportManifestEntry
+  }
+
+  export type ReactFormState = [
+    unknown /* actual state value */,
+    string /* key path */,
+    string /* Server Reference ID */,
+    number /* number of bound arguments */,
+  ]
+
+  export function createTemporaryReferenceSet(
+    ...args: unknown[]
+  ): TemporaryReferenceSet
+
+  export function decodeReplyFromBusboy(
+    busboyStream: Busboy,
+    webpackMap: ServerManifest,
+    options?: { temporaryReferences?: TemporaryReferenceSet }
+  ): Promise<unknown[]>
+
+  export function decodeReply(
+    body: string | FormData,
+    webpackMap: ServerManifest,
+    options?: { temporaryReferences?: TemporaryReferenceSet }
+  ): Promise<unknown[]>
+
+  export function decodeAction(
+    body: FormData,
+    serverManifest: ServerManifest
+  ): Promise<() => unknown> | null
+
+  export function decodeFormState(
+    actionResult: unknown,
+    body: FormData,
+    serverManifest: ServerManifest
+  ): Promise<ReactFormState | null>
+}
 declare module 'react-server-dom-webpack/static.edge' {
   export function prerender(
     children: any,
@@ -109,7 +232,91 @@ declare module 'react-server-dom-webpack/static.edge' {
     prelude: ReadableStream<Uint8Array>
   }>
 }
-declare module 'react-server-dom-webpack/client.edge'
+declare module 'react-server-dom-webpack/client.edge' {
+  export interface Options {
+    ssrManifest: SSRManifest
+    nonce?: string
+    encodeFormAction?: EncodeFormActionCallback
+    temporaryReferences?: TemporaryReferenceSet
+    findSourceMapURL?: FindSourceMapURLCallback
+    replayConsoleLogs?: boolean
+    environmentName?: string
+  }
+
+  export type EncodeFormActionCallback = <A>(
+    id: any,
+    args: Promise<A>
+  ) => ReactCustomFormAction
+
+  export type ReactCustomFormAction = {
+    name?: string
+    action?: string
+    encType?: string
+    method?: string
+    target?: string
+    data?: null | FormData
+  }
+
+  export type ImportManifestEntry = {
+    id: string | number
+    // chunks is a double indexed array of chunkId / chunkFilename pairs
+    chunks: ReadonlyArray<string>
+    name: string
+    async?: boolean
+  }
+
+  export interface SSRManifest {
+    moduleMap: SSRModuleMap
+    moduleLoading: ModuleLoading | null
+  }
+
+  export interface SSRModuleMap {
+    [clientId: string]: {
+      [clientExportName: string]: ImportManifestEntry
+    }
+  }
+
+  export interface ModuleLoading {
+    prefix: string
+    crossOrigin?: 'use-credentials' | ''
+  }
+
+  type TemporaryReferenceSet = Map<string, unknown>
+
+  export type CallServerCallback = (
+    id: string,
+    args: unknown[]
+  ) => Promise<unknown>
+
+  export type FindSourceMapURLCallback = (
+    fileName: string,
+    environmentName: string
+  ) => null | string
+
+  export function createFromFetch<T>(
+    promiseForResponse: Promise<Response>,
+    options?: Options
+  ): Promise<T>
+
+  export function createFromReadableStream<T>(
+    stream: ReadableStream,
+    options?: Options
+  ): Promise<T>
+
+  export function createServerReference(
+    id: string,
+    callServer: CallServerCallback
+  ): (...args: unknown[]) => Promise<unknown>
+
+  export function createTemporaryReferenceSet(
+    ...args: unknown[]
+  ): TemporaryReferenceSet
+
+  export function encodeReply(
+    value: unknown,
+    options?: { temporaryReferences?: TemporaryReferenceSet }
+  ): Promise<string | FormData>
+}
 
 declare module 'VAR_MODULE_GLOBAL_ERROR'
 declare module 'VAR_USERLAND'
diff --git a/test/e2e/app-dir/actions/app-action.test.ts b/test/e2e/app-dir/actions/app-action.test.ts
index 36406fcf2c612..abb0939c6896d 100644
--- a/test/e2e/app-dir/actions/app-action.test.ts
+++ b/test/e2e/app-dir/actions/app-action.test.ts
@@ -78,14 +78,21 @@ describe('app-dir action handling', () => {
 
     await browser.elementByCss('#submit').click()
 
-    const logs = await browser.log()
-    expect(
-      logs.some((log) =>
-        log.message.includes(
-          'Only plain objects, and a few built-ins, can be passed to Server Actions. Classes or null prototypes are not supported.'
-        )
+    await retry(async () => {
+      const logs = await browser.log()
+
+      expect(logs).toMatchObject(
+        expect.arrayContaining([
+          expect.objectContaining({
+            message: expect.stringContaining(
+              isNextDev
+                ? 'Cannot access value on the server.'
+                : GENERIC_RSC_ERROR.replace(/^Error: /, '')
+            ),
+          }),
+        ])
       )
-    ).toBe(true)
+    })
   })
 
   it('should propagate errors from a `text/plain` response to an error boundary', async () => {
diff --git a/test/e2e/app-dir/actions/app/error-handling/actions.js b/test/e2e/app-dir/actions/app/error-handling/actions.js
index aad8760f1b7ca..a25ba04ef987e 100644
--- a/test/e2e/app-dir/actions/app/error-handling/actions.js
+++ b/test/e2e/app-dir/actions/app/error-handling/actions.js
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 'use server'
 
-export async function action() {
+export async function action(instance) {
+  // Not allowed to access, as it's just a temporary reference.
+  console.log(instance.value)
   return 'action result'
 }
diff --git a/test/e2e/app-dir/actions/app/error-handling/page.js b/test/e2e/app-dir/actions/app/error-handling/page.js
index 2c93a95f0b553..3e136f25fad87 100644
--- a/test/e2e/app-dir/actions/app/error-handling/page.js
+++ b/test/e2e/app-dir/actions/app/error-handling/page.js
@@ -34,4 +34,6 @@ export default function Page() {
   )
 }
 
-class Foo {}
+class Foo {
+  value = 42
+}
diff --git a/test/e2e/app-dir/temporary-references/app/edge/page.tsx b/test/e2e/app-dir/temporary-references/app/edge/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1759645f4b2f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/e2e/app-dir/temporary-references/app/edge/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export const runtime = 'edge'
+
+export { default } from '../node/page'
diff --git a/test/e2e/app-dir/temporary-references/app/layout.tsx b/test/e2e/app-dir/temporary-references/app/layout.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..888614deda3ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/e2e/app-dir/temporary-references/app/layout.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import { ReactNode } from 'react'
+export default function Root({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
+  return (
+    <html>
+      <body>{children}</body>
+    </html>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/test/e2e/app-dir/temporary-references/app/node/form.tsx b/test/e2e/app-dir/temporary-references/app/node/form.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b3a9857899db9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/e2e/app-dir/temporary-references/app/node/form.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+'use client'
+
+import { useActionState } from 'react'
+
+export function Form({
+  action,
+}: {
+  action: (obj: object | null) => Promise<object | null>
+}) {
+  const [result, formAction] = useActionState(async () => {
+    const objA = {}
+    const objB = await action(objA)
+
+    return objA === objB ? 'identical' : 'kaputt!'
+  }, 'initial')
+
+  return (
+    <form action={formAction}>
+      <button>Submit</button>
+      <p>{result}</p>
+    </form>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/test/e2e/app-dir/temporary-references/app/node/page.tsx b/test/e2e/app-dir/temporary-references/app/node/page.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4d3a35f6c3ef8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/e2e/app-dir/temporary-references/app/node/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import { Form } from './form'
+
+export default function Page() {
+  return (
+    <Form
+      action={async (obj) => {
+        'use server'
+        return obj
+      }}
+    />
+  )
+}
diff --git a/test/e2e/app-dir/temporary-references/next.config.js b/test/e2e/app-dir/temporary-references/next.config.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..807126e4cf0bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/e2e/app-dir/temporary-references/next.config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+/**
+ * @type {import('next').NextConfig}
+ */
+const nextConfig = {}
+
+module.exports = nextConfig
diff --git a/test/e2e/app-dir/temporary-references/temporary-references.test.ts b/test/e2e/app-dir/temporary-references/temporary-references.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..98d6e0c2b3122
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/e2e/app-dir/temporary-references/temporary-references.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import { nextTestSetup } from 'e2e-utils'
+import { retry } from 'next-test-utils'
+
+describe('temporary-references', () => {
+  const { next } = nextTestSetup({
+    files: __dirname,
+  })
+
+  it.each(['edge', 'node'])(
+    'should return the same object that was sent to the action (%s)',
+    async (runtime) => {
+      const browser = await next.browser('/' + runtime)
+      expect(await browser.elementByCss('p').text()).toBe('initial')
+
+      await browser.elementByCss('button').click()
+
+      await retry(async () => {
+        expect(await browser.elementByCss('p').text()).toBe('identical')
+      })
+    }
+  )
+})