diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_dict.h b/Include/internal/pycore_dict.h
index 25bb224921aa8b..afd468735b4893 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_dict.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_dict.h
@@ -30,6 +30,10 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyDict_SetItem_KnownHash(PyObject *mp, PyObject *key,
 // Export for '_asyncio' shared extension
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyDict_DelItem_KnownHash(PyObject *mp, PyObject *key,
                                           Py_hash_t hash);
+
+extern int _PyDict_DelItem_KnownHash_LockHeld(PyObject *mp, PyObject *key,
+                                              Py_hash_t hash);
+
 extern int _PyDict_Contains_KnownHash(PyObject *, PyObject *, Py_hash_t);
 
 // "Id" variants
@@ -47,6 +51,8 @@ extern int _PyDict_HasOnlyStringKeys(PyObject *mp);
 // Export for '_ctypes' shared extension
 PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) _PyDict_SizeOf(PyDictObject *);
 
+extern Py_ssize_t _PyDict_SizeOf_LockHeld(PyDictObject *);
+
 #define _PyDict_HasSplitTable(d) ((d)->ma_values != NULL)
 
 /* Like PyDict_Merge, but override can be 0, 1 or 2.  If override is 0,
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-05-10-17-42-03.gh-issue-125996.vaQp0-.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-05-10-17-42-03.gh-issue-125996.vaQp0-.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..4bbfaa3a5e2d85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-05-10-17-42-03.gh-issue-125996.vaQp0-.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix thread safety of :class:`collections.OrderedDict`. Patch by Kumar Aditya.
diff --git a/Objects/clinic/odictobject.c.h b/Objects/clinic/odictobject.c.h
index e71c29a1b268d0..894e9be91bbdce 100644
--- a/Objects/clinic/odictobject.c.h
+++ b/Objects/clinic/odictobject.c.h
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ preserve
 #  include "pycore_gc.h"          // PyGC_Head
 #  include "pycore_runtime.h"     // _Py_ID()
 #endif
+#include "pycore_critical_section.h"// Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION()
 #include "pycore_modsupport.h"    // _PyArg_UnpackKeywords()
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(OrderedDict_fromkeys__doc__,
@@ -73,6 +74,53 @@ OrderedDict_fromkeys(PyObject *type, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, Py
     return return_value;
 }
 
+PyDoc_STRVAR(OrderedDict___sizeof____doc__,
+"__sizeof__($self, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n");
+
+#define ORDEREDDICT___SIZEOF___METHODDEF    \
+    {"__sizeof__", (PyCFunction)OrderedDict___sizeof__, METH_NOARGS, OrderedDict___sizeof____doc__},
+
+static Py_ssize_t
+OrderedDict___sizeof___impl(PyODictObject *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+OrderedDict___sizeof__(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    Py_ssize_t _return_value;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    _return_value = OrderedDict___sizeof___impl((PyODictObject *)self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+    if ((_return_value == -1) && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    return_value = PyLong_FromSsize_t(_return_value);
+
+exit:
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(OrderedDict___reduce____doc__,
+"__reduce__($self, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"Return state information for pickling");
+
+#define ORDEREDDICT___REDUCE___METHODDEF    \
+    {"__reduce__", (PyCFunction)OrderedDict___reduce__, METH_NOARGS, OrderedDict___reduce____doc__},
+
+static PyObject *
+OrderedDict___reduce___impl(PyODictObject *od);
+
+static PyObject *
+OrderedDict___reduce__(PyObject *od, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+{
+    return OrderedDict___reduce___impl((PyODictObject *)od);
+}
+
 PyDoc_STRVAR(OrderedDict_setdefault__doc__,
 "setdefault($self, /, key, default=None)\n"
 "--\n"
@@ -135,7 +183,9 @@ OrderedDict_setdefault(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
     }
     default_value = args[1];
 skip_optional_pos:
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = OrderedDict_setdefault_impl((PyODictObject *)self, key, default_value);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -204,7 +254,9 @@ OrderedDict_pop(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObjec
     }
     default_value = args[1];
 skip_optional_pos:
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = OrderedDict_pop_impl((PyODictObject *)self, key, default_value);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
@@ -272,12 +324,62 @@ OrderedDict_popitem(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyO
         goto exit;
     }
 skip_optional_pos:
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = OrderedDict_popitem_impl((PyODictObject *)self, last);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
 
+PyDoc_STRVAR(OrderedDict_clear__doc__,
+"clear($self, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"Remove all items from ordered dict.");
+
+#define ORDEREDDICT_CLEAR_METHODDEF    \
+    {"clear", (PyCFunction)OrderedDict_clear, METH_NOARGS, OrderedDict_clear__doc__},
+
+static PyObject *
+OrderedDict_clear_impl(PyODictObject *self);
+
+static PyObject *
+OrderedDict_clear(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
+    return_value = OrderedDict_clear_impl((PyODictObject *)self);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(OrderedDict_copy__doc__,
+"copy($self, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"A shallow copy of ordered dict.");
+
+#define ORDEREDDICT_COPY_METHODDEF    \
+    {"copy", (PyCFunction)OrderedDict_copy, METH_NOARGS, OrderedDict_copy__doc__},
+
+static PyObject *
+OrderedDict_copy_impl(PyObject *od);
+
+static PyObject *
+OrderedDict_copy(PyObject *od, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(od);
+    return_value = OrderedDict_copy_impl(od);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
 PyDoc_STRVAR(OrderedDict_move_to_end__doc__,
 "move_to_end($self, /, key, last=True)\n"
 "--\n"
@@ -342,9 +444,11 @@ OrderedDict_move_to_end(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
         goto exit;
     }
 skip_optional_pos:
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);
     return_value = OrderedDict_move_to_end_impl((PyODictObject *)self, key, last);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
 exit:
     return return_value;
 }
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=7d8206823bb1f419 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=7bc997ca7900f06f input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Objects/dictobject.c b/Objects/dictobject.c
index 6b7b150f0e2f2c..c4f4e430b00a58 100644
--- a/Objects/dictobject.c
+++ b/Objects/dictobject.c
@@ -2770,8 +2770,8 @@ PyDict_DelItem(PyObject *op, PyObject *key)
     return _PyDict_DelItem_KnownHash(op, key, hash);
 }
 
-static int
-delitem_knownhash_lock_held(PyObject *op, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
+int
+_PyDict_DelItem_KnownHash_LockHeld(PyObject *op, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
 {
     Py_ssize_t ix;
     PyDictObject *mp;
@@ -2806,7 +2806,7 @@ _PyDict_DelItem_KnownHash(PyObject *op, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
 {
     int res;
     Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(op);
-    res = delitem_knownhash_lock_held(op, key, hash);
+    res = _PyDict_DelItem_KnownHash_LockHeld(op, key, hash);
     Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
     return res;
 }
@@ -4653,9 +4653,11 @@ dict_tp_clear(PyObject *op)
 
 static PyObject *dictiter_new(PyDictObject *, PyTypeObject *);
 
-static Py_ssize_t
-sizeof_lock_held(PyDictObject *mp)
+Py_ssize_t
+_PyDict_SizeOf_LockHeld(PyDictObject *mp)
 {
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(mp);
+
     size_t res = _PyObject_SIZE(Py_TYPE(mp));
     if (_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp)) {
         res += shared_keys_usable_size(mp->ma_keys) * sizeof(PyObject*);
@@ -4674,7 +4676,7 @@ _PyDict_SizeOf(PyDictObject *mp)
 {
     Py_ssize_t res;
     Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(mp);
-    res = sizeof_lock_held(mp);
+    res = _PyDict_SizeOf_LockHeld(mp);
     Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 
     return res;
@@ -6864,7 +6866,7 @@ _PyDict_SetItem_LockHeld(PyDictObject *dict, PyObject *name, PyObject *value)
             dict_unhashable_type(name);
             return -1;
         }
-        return delitem_knownhash_lock_held((PyObject *)dict, name, hash);
+        return _PyDict_DelItem_KnownHash_LockHeld((PyObject *)dict, name, hash);
     } else {
         return setitem_lock_held(dict, name, value);
     }
diff --git a/Objects/odictobject.c b/Objects/odictobject.c
index 02fcbbaa0d4536..ddab1b54d1e5c9 100644
--- a/Objects/odictobject.c
+++ b/Objects/odictobject.c
@@ -536,6 +536,7 @@ struct _odictnode {
 static Py_ssize_t
 _odict_get_index_raw(PyODictObject *od, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
 {
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);
     PyObject *value = NULL;
     PyDictKeysObject *keys = ((PyDictObject *)od)->ma_keys;
     Py_ssize_t ix;
@@ -560,6 +561,7 @@ _odict_get_index_raw(PyODictObject *od, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
 static int
 _odict_resize(PyODictObject *od)
 {
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);
     Py_ssize_t size, i;
     _ODictNode **fast_nodes, *node;
 
@@ -596,6 +598,7 @@ _odict_resize(PyODictObject *od)
 static Py_ssize_t
 _odict_get_index(PyODictObject *od, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
 {
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);
     PyDictKeysObject *keys;
 
     assert(key != NULL);
@@ -616,6 +619,7 @@ _odict_get_index(PyODictObject *od, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
 static _ODictNode *
 _odict_find_node_hash(PyODictObject *od, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
 {
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);
     Py_ssize_t index;
 
     if (_odict_EMPTY(od))
@@ -630,6 +634,7 @@ _odict_find_node_hash(PyODictObject *od, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
 static _ODictNode *
 _odict_find_node(PyODictObject *od, PyObject *key)
 {
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);
     Py_ssize_t index;
     Py_hash_t hash;
 
@@ -648,6 +653,7 @@ _odict_find_node(PyODictObject *od, PyObject *key)
 static void
 _odict_add_head(PyODictObject *od, _ODictNode *node)
 {
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);
     _odictnode_PREV(node) = NULL;
     _odictnode_NEXT(node) = _odict_FIRST(od);
     if (_odict_FIRST(od) == NULL)
@@ -661,6 +667,7 @@ _odict_add_head(PyODictObject *od, _ODictNode *node)
 static void
 _odict_add_tail(PyODictObject *od, _ODictNode *node)
 {
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);
     _odictnode_PREV(node) = _odict_LAST(od);
     _odictnode_NEXT(node) = NULL;
     if (_odict_LAST(od) == NULL)
@@ -675,6 +682,7 @@ _odict_add_tail(PyODictObject *od, _ODictNode *node)
 static int
 _odict_add_new_node(PyODictObject *od, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
 {
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);
     Py_ssize_t i;
     _ODictNode *node;
 
@@ -719,6 +727,7 @@ _odict_add_new_node(PyODictObject *od, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
 static void
 _odict_remove_node(PyODictObject *od, _ODictNode *node)
 {
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);
     if (_odict_FIRST(od) == node)
         _odict_FIRST(od) = _odictnode_NEXT(node);
     else if (_odictnode_PREV(node) != NULL)
@@ -754,6 +763,7 @@ static int
 _odict_clear_node(PyODictObject *od, _ODictNode *node, PyObject *key,
                   Py_hash_t hash)
 {
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);
     Py_ssize_t i;
 
     assert(key != NULL);
@@ -951,31 +961,34 @@ OrderedDict_fromkeys_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *seq, PyObject *value)
     return _PyDict_FromKeys((PyObject *)type, seq, value);
 }
 
-/* __sizeof__() */
-
-/* OrderedDict.__sizeof__() does not have a docstring. */
-PyDoc_STRVAR(odict_sizeof__doc__, "");
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+OrderedDict.__sizeof__ -> Py_ssize_t
+[clinic start generated code]*/
 
-static PyObject *
-odict_sizeof(PyObject *op, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+static Py_ssize_t
+OrderedDict___sizeof___impl(PyODictObject *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=1a8560db8cf83ac5 input=655e989ae24daa6a]*/
 {
-    PyODictObject *od = _PyODictObject_CAST(op);
-    Py_ssize_t res = _PyDict_SizeOf((PyDictObject *)od);
-    res += sizeof(_ODictNode *) * od->od_fast_nodes_size;  /* od_fast_nodes */
-    if (!_odict_EMPTY(od)) {
-        res += sizeof(_ODictNode) * PyODict_SIZE(od);  /* linked-list */
+    Py_ssize_t res = _PyDict_SizeOf_LockHeld((PyDictObject *)self);
+    res += sizeof(_ODictNode *) * self->od_fast_nodes_size;  /* od_fast_nodes */
+    if (!_odict_EMPTY(self)) {
+        res += sizeof(_ODictNode) * PyODict_SIZE(self);  /* linked-list */
     }
-    return PyLong_FromSsize_t(res);
+    return res;
 }
 
-/* __reduce__() */
+/*[clinic input]
+OrderedDict.__reduce__
+    self as od: self(type="PyODictObject *")
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(odict_reduce__doc__, "Return state information for pickling");
+Return state information for pickling
+[clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-odict_reduce(PyObject *op, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+OrderedDict___reduce___impl(PyODictObject *od)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=71eeb81f760a6a8e input=b0467c7ec400fe5e]*/
 {
-    register PyODictObject *od = _PyODictObject_CAST(op);
     PyObject *state, *result = NULL;
     PyObject *items_iter, *items, *args = NULL;
 
@@ -1010,8 +1023,10 @@ odict_reduce(PyObject *op, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 
 /* setdefault(): Skips __missing__() calls. */
 
+static int PyODict_SetItem_LockHeld(PyObject *self, PyObject *key, PyObject *value);
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 OrderedDict.setdefault
 
     key: object
@@ -1025,7 +1040,7 @@ Return the value for key if key is in the dictionary, else default.
 static PyObject *
 OrderedDict_setdefault_impl(PyODictObject *self, PyObject *key,
                             PyObject *default_value)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=97537cb7c28464b6 input=38e098381c1efbc6]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=97537cb7c28464b6 input=d7b93e92734f99b5]*/
 {
     PyObject *result = NULL;
 
@@ -1035,7 +1050,7 @@ OrderedDict_setdefault_impl(PyODictObject *self, PyObject *key,
             if (PyErr_Occurred())
                 return NULL;
             assert(_odict_find_node(self, key) == NULL);
-            if (PyODict_SetItem((PyObject *)self, key, default_value) >= 0) {
+            if (PyODict_SetItem_LockHeld((PyObject *)self, key, default_value) >= 0) {
                 result = Py_NewRef(default_value);
             }
         }
@@ -1065,10 +1080,9 @@ static PyObject *
 _odict_popkey_hash(PyObject *od, PyObject *key, PyObject *failobj,
                    Py_hash_t hash)
 {
-    PyObject *value = NULL;
-
-    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(od);
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);
 
+    PyObject *value = NULL;
     _ODictNode *node = _odict_find_node_hash(_PyODictObject_CAST(od), key, hash);
     if (node != NULL) {
         /* Pop the node first to avoid a possible dict resize (due to
@@ -1093,7 +1107,6 @@ _odict_popkey_hash(PyObject *od, PyObject *key, PyObject *failobj,
             PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_KeyError, key);
         }
     }
-    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
 done:
 
     return value;
@@ -1101,6 +1114,7 @@ _odict_popkey_hash(PyObject *od, PyObject *key, PyObject *failobj,
 
 /* Skips __missing__() calls. */
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 OrderedDict.pop
 
     key: object
@@ -1115,7 +1129,7 @@ raise a KeyError.
 static PyObject *
 OrderedDict_pop_impl(PyODictObject *self, PyObject *key,
                      PyObject *default_value)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=7a6447d104e7494b input=7efe36601007dff7]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=7a6447d104e7494b input=a79988887b4a651f]*/
 {
     Py_hash_t hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
     if (hash == -1)
@@ -1127,6 +1141,7 @@ OrderedDict_pop_impl(PyODictObject *self, PyObject *key,
 /* popitem() */
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 OrderedDict.popitem
 
     last: bool = True
@@ -1138,7 +1153,7 @@ Pairs are returned in LIFO order if last is true or FIFO order if false.
 
 static PyObject *
 OrderedDict_popitem_impl(PyODictObject *self, int last)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=98e7d986690d49eb input=d992ac5ee8305e1a]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=98e7d986690d49eb input=8aafc7433e0a40e7]*/
 {
     PyObject *key, *value, *item = NULL;
     _ODictNode *node;
@@ -1167,6 +1182,9 @@ OrderedDict_popitem_impl(PyODictObject *self, int last)
 PyDoc_STRVAR(odict_keys__doc__, "");
 
 static PyObject * odictkeys_new(PyObject *od, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored));  /* forward */
+static int
+_PyODict_SetItem_KnownHash_LockHeld(PyObject *od, PyObject *key, PyObject *value,
+                                    Py_hash_t hash); /* forward */
 
 /* values() */
 
@@ -1192,32 +1210,36 @@ static PyObject * mutablemapping_update(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
 
 #define odict_update mutablemapping_update
 
-/* clear() */
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+OrderedDict.clear
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(odict_clear__doc__,
-             "od.clear() -> None.  Remove all items from od.");
+Remove all items from ordered dict.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-odict_clear(PyObject *op, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+OrderedDict_clear_impl(PyODictObject *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=a1a76d1322f556c5 input=08b12322e74c535c]*/
 {
-    register PyODictObject *od = _PyODictObject_CAST(op);
-    PyDict_Clear(op);
-    _odict_clear_nodes(od);
+    _PyDict_Clear_LockHeld((PyObject *)self);
+    _odict_clear_nodes(self);
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
 /* copy() */
 
-/* forward */
-static int _PyODict_SetItem_KnownHash(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *,
-                                      Py_hash_t);
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+OrderedDict.copy
+    self as od: self
 
-PyDoc_STRVAR(odict_copy__doc__, "od.copy() -> a shallow copy of od");
+A shallow copy of ordered dict.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static PyObject *
-odict_copy(PyObject *op, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+OrderedDict_copy_impl(PyObject *od)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=9cdbe7394aecc576 input=e329951ae617ed48]*/
 {
-    register PyODictObject *od = _PyODictObject_CAST(op);
     _ODictNode *node;
     PyObject *od_copy;
 
@@ -1237,8 +1259,8 @@ odict_copy(PyObject *op, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
                     PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_KeyError, key);
                 goto fail;
             }
-            if (_PyODict_SetItem_KnownHash((PyObject *)od_copy, key, value,
-                                           _odictnode_HASH(node)) != 0)
+            if (_PyODict_SetItem_KnownHash_LockHeld((PyObject *)od_copy, key, value,
+                                                    _odictnode_HASH(node)) != 0)
                 goto fail;
         }
     }
@@ -1286,6 +1308,7 @@ odict_reversed(PyObject *op, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 /* move_to_end() */
 
 /*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
 OrderedDict.move_to_end
 
     key: object
@@ -1298,7 +1321,7 @@ Raise KeyError if the element does not exist.
 
 static PyObject *
 OrderedDict_move_to_end_impl(PyODictObject *self, PyObject *key, int last)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=fafa4c5cc9b92f20 input=d6ceff7132a2fcd7]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=fafa4c5cc9b92f20 input=09f8bc7053c0f6d4]*/
 {
     _ODictNode *node;
 
@@ -1339,10 +1362,8 @@ static PyMethodDef odict_methods[] = {
 
     /* overridden dict methods */
     ORDEREDDICT_FROMKEYS_METHODDEF
-    {"__sizeof__",      odict_sizeof,      METH_NOARGS,
-     odict_sizeof__doc__},
-    {"__reduce__",      odict_reduce,      METH_NOARGS,
-     odict_reduce__doc__},
+    ORDEREDDICT___SIZEOF___METHODDEF
+    ORDEREDDICT___REDUCE___METHODDEF
     ORDEREDDICT_SETDEFAULT_METHODDEF
     ORDEREDDICT_POP_METHODDEF
     ORDEREDDICT_POPITEM_METHODDEF
@@ -1354,11 +1375,8 @@ static PyMethodDef odict_methods[] = {
      odict_items__doc__},
     {"update",          _PyCFunction_CAST(odict_update), METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
      odict_update__doc__},
-    {"clear",           odict_clear,       METH_NOARGS,
-     odict_clear__doc__},
-    {"copy",            odict_copy,        METH_NOARGS,
-     odict_copy__doc__},
-
+     ORDEREDDICT_CLEAR_METHODDEF
+     ORDEREDDICT_COPY_METHODDEF
     /* new methods */
     {"__reversed__",    odict_reversed,    METH_NOARGS,
      odict_reversed__doc__},
@@ -1457,7 +1475,8 @@ odict_tp_clear(PyObject *op)
 {
     PyODictObject *od = _PyODictObject_CAST(op);
     Py_CLEAR(od->od_inst_dict);
-    PyDict_Clear((PyObject *)od);
+    // cannot use lock held variant as critical section is not held here
+    PyDict_Clear(op);
     _odict_clear_nodes(od);
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1465,7 +1484,7 @@ odict_tp_clear(PyObject *op)
 /* tp_richcompare */
 
 static PyObject *
-odict_richcompare(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
+odict_richcompare_lock_held(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
 {
     if (!PyODict_Check(v) || !PyDict_Check(w)) {
         Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
@@ -1498,6 +1517,16 @@ odict_richcompare(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
     }
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+odict_richcompare(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
+{
+    PyObject *res;
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2(v, w);
+    res = odict_richcompare_lock_held(v, w, op);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION2();
+    return res;
+}
+
 /* tp_iter */
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -1588,10 +1617,11 @@ PyODict_New(void)
 }
 
 static int
-_PyODict_SetItem_KnownHash(PyObject *od, PyObject *key, PyObject *value,
-                           Py_hash_t hash)
+_PyODict_SetItem_KnownHash_LockHeld(PyObject *od, PyObject *key, PyObject *value,
+                                    Py_hash_t hash)
 {
-    int res = _PyDict_SetItem_KnownHash(od, key, value, hash);
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);
+    int res = _PyDict_SetItem_KnownHash_LockHeld((PyDictObject *)od, key, value, hash);
     if (res == 0) {
         res = _odict_add_new_node(_PyODictObject_CAST(od), key, hash);
         if (res < 0) {
@@ -1604,18 +1634,32 @@ _PyODict_SetItem_KnownHash(PyObject *od, PyObject *key, PyObject *value,
     return res;
 }
 
-int
-PyODict_SetItem(PyObject *od, PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
+
+static int
+PyODict_SetItem_LockHeld(PyObject *od, PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
 {
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);
     Py_hash_t hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
-    if (hash == -1)
+    if (hash == -1) {
         return -1;
-    return _PyODict_SetItem_KnownHash(od, key, value, hash);
+    }
+    return _PyODict_SetItem_KnownHash_LockHeld(od, key, value, hash);
 }
 
 int
-PyODict_DelItem(PyObject *od, PyObject *key)
+PyODict_SetItem(PyObject *od, PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
+{
+    int res;
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(od);
+    res = PyODict_SetItem_LockHeld(od, key, value);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+    return res;
+}
+
+int
+PyODict_DelItem_LockHeld(PyObject *od, PyObject *key)
 {
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(od);
     int res;
     Py_hash_t hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
     if (hash == -1)
@@ -1623,9 +1667,18 @@ PyODict_DelItem(PyObject *od, PyObject *key)
     res = _odict_clear_node(_PyODictObject_CAST(od), NULL, key, hash);
     if (res < 0)
         return -1;
-    return _PyDict_DelItem_KnownHash(od, key, hash);
+    return _PyDict_DelItem_KnownHash_LockHeld(od, key, hash);
 }
 
+int
+PyODict_DelItem(PyObject *od, PyObject *key)
+{
+    int res;
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(od);
+    res = PyODict_DelItem_LockHeld(od, key);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+    return res;
+}
 
 /* -------------------------------------------
  * The OrderedDict views (keys/values/items)
@@ -1667,14 +1720,14 @@ odictiter_traverse(PyObject *op, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 /* In order to protect against modifications during iteration, we track
  * the current key instead of the current node. */
 static PyObject *
-odictiter_nextkey(odictiterobject *di)
+odictiter_nextkey_lock_held(odictiterobject *di)
 {
+    assert(di->di_odict != NULL);
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(di->di_odict);
     PyObject *key = NULL;
     _ODictNode *node;
     int reversed = di->kind & _odict_ITER_REVERSED;
 
-    if (di->di_odict == NULL)
-        return NULL;
     if (di->di_current == NULL)
         goto done;  /* We're already done. */
 
@@ -1719,8 +1772,23 @@ odictiter_nextkey(odictiterobject *di)
     return key;
 }
 
+
+static PyObject *
+odictiter_nextkey(odictiterobject *di)
+{
+    _Py_CRITICAL_SECTION_ASSERT_OBJECT_LOCKED(di);
+    if (di->di_odict == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *res;
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(di->di_odict);
+    res = odictiter_nextkey_lock_held(di);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+    return res;
+}
+
 static PyObject *
-odictiter_iternext(PyObject *op)
+odictiter_iternext_lock_held(PyObject *op)
 {
     odictiterobject *di = (odictiterobject*)op;
     PyObject *result, *value;
@@ -1734,14 +1802,12 @@ odictiter_iternext(PyObject *op)
         return key;
     }
 
-    value = PyODict_GetItem((PyObject *)di->di_odict, key);  /* borrowed */
-    if (value == NULL) {
+    if (PyDict_GetItemRef((PyObject *)di->di_odict, key, &value) != 1) {
         if (!PyErr_Occurred())
             PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_KeyError, key);
         Py_DECREF(key);
         goto done;
     }
-    Py_INCREF(value);
 
     /* Handle the values case. */
     if (!(di->kind & _odict_ITER_KEYS)) {
@@ -1752,7 +1818,7 @@ odictiter_iternext(PyObject *op)
     /* Handle the items case. */
     result = di->di_result;
 
-    if (Py_REFCNT(result) == 1) {
+    if (_PyObject_IsUniquelyReferenced(result) == 1) {
         /* not in use so we can reuse it
          * (the common case during iteration) */
         Py_INCREF(result);
@@ -1781,6 +1847,17 @@ odictiter_iternext(PyObject *op)
     return NULL;
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+odictiter_iternext(PyObject *op)
+{
+    PyObject *res;
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(op);
+    res = odictiter_iternext_lock_held(op);
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+    return res;
+}
+
+
 /* No need for tp_clear because odictiterobject is not mutable. */
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(reduce_doc, "Return state information for pickling");