feat: Add Presto function array_top_n

Summary:
Adds Presto function array_top_n as a simple function in Velox. Function uses a temporary vector to store inputted values and heap sorts them up to k values (second input to function).

Updates ArrayFunction.h with struct ArrayTopNFunction and adds new tester function ArrayTopNTest.cpp

Differential Revision: D68031372

Author: Peter Enescu

velox/functions/prestosql/ArrayFunctions.h

@@ -21,11 +21,14 @@
 #include "velox/expression/PrestoCastHooks.h"
 #include "velox/functions/Udf.h"
 #include "velox/functions/lib/CheckedArithmetic.h"
+#include "velox/functions/lib/ComparatorUtil.h"
 #include "velox/functions/prestosql/json/SIMDJsonUtil.h"
 #include "velox/functions/prestosql/types/JsonType.h"
 #include "velox/type/Conversions.h"
 #include "velox/type/FloatingPointUtil.h"
 
+#include <queue>
+
 namespace facebook::velox::functions {
 
 template <typename TExecCtx, bool isMax>
@@ -729,6 +732,120 @@ inline void checkIndexArrayTrim(int64_t size, int64_t arraySize) {
   }
 }
 
+/// This class implements the array_top_n function.
+///
+/// DEFINITION:
+/// array_top_n(array(T), int) -> array(T)
+/// Returns the top n elements of the array in descending order.
+template <typename T>
+struct ArrayTopNFunction {
+  VELOX_DEFINE_FUNCTION_TYPES(T);
+
+  // Definition for primitives.
+  template <typename TReturn, typename TInput>
+  FOLLY_ALWAYS_INLINE void
+  call(TReturn& result, const TInput& array, int64_t n) {
+    VELOX_CHECK(
+        n >= 0, fmt::format("Parameter n: {} to ARRAY_TOP_N is negative", n));
+
+    // Define min-heap to store the top n elements.
+    std::priority_queue<
+        typename TInput::element_t,
+        std::vector<typename TInput::element_t>,
+        std::greater<>>
+        minHeap;
+
+    // Iterate through the array and push elements to the min-heap.
+    int numNull = 0;
+    for (const auto& item : array) {
+      if (item.has_value()) {
+        minHeap.push(item.value());
+        if (minHeap.size() > n) {
+          minHeap.pop();
+        }
+      } else {
+        ++numNull;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Reverse the min-heap to get the top n elements in descending order.
+    std::vector<typename TInput::element_t> reversed(minHeap.size());
+    auto index = minHeap.size();
+    while (!minHeap.empty()) {
+      reversed[--index] = minHeap.top();
+      minHeap.pop();
+    }
+
+    // Copy mutated vector to result vector up to minHeap's size items.
+    for (const auto& item : reversed) {
+      result.push_back(item);
+    }
+
+    // Backfill nulls if needed.
+    while (result.size() < n && numNull > 0) {
+      result.add_null();
+      --numNull;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Generic implementation.
+  FOLLY_ALWAYS_INLINE void call(
+      out_type<Array<Orderable<T1>>>& result,
+      const arg_type<Array<Orderable<T1>>>& array,
+      const int64_t n) {
+    VELOX_CHECK(
+        n >= 0, fmt::format("Parameter n: {} to ARRAY_TOP_N is negative", n));
+
+    // Define comparator to compare complex types.
+    struct ComplexTypeComparator {
+      const arg_type<Array<Orderable<T1>>>& array;
+      ComplexTypeComparator(const arg_type<Array<Orderable<T1>>>& array)
+          : array(array) {}
+
+      bool operator()(const int64_t& a, const int64_t& b) const {
+        static constexpr CompareFlags kFlags = {
+            .nullHandlingMode =
+                CompareFlags::NullHandlingMode::kNullAsIndeterminate};
+        return array[a].value().compare(array[b].value(), kFlags).value() > 0;
+      }
+    };
+
+    // Iterate through the array and push elements to the min-heap.
+    std::priority_queue<int64_t, std::vector<int64_t>, ComplexTypeComparator>
+        minHeap(array);
+    int numNull = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < array.size(); ++i) {
+      if (array[i].has_value()) {
+        minHeap.push(i);
+        if (minHeap.size() > n) {
+          minHeap.pop();
+        }
+      } else {
+        ++numNull;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Reverse the min-heap to get the top n elements in descending order.
+    std::vector<int64_t> reversed(minHeap.size());
+    auto index = minHeap.size();
+    while (!minHeap.empty()) {
+      reversed[--index] = minHeap.top();
+      minHeap.pop();
+    }
+
+    // Copy mutated vector to result vector up to minHeap's size items.
+    for (const auto& index : reversed) {
+      result.push_back(array[index].value());
+    }
+
+    // Backfill nulls if needed.
+    while (result.size() < n && numNull > 0) {
+      result.add_null();
+      --numNull;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
 template <typename T>
 struct ArrayTrimFunction {
   VELOX_DEFINE_FUNCTION_TYPES(T);

velox/functions/prestosql/registration/ArrayFunctionsRegistration.cpp

@@ -97,6 +97,12 @@ inline void registerArrayTrimFunctions(const std::string& prefix) {
       {prefix + "trim_array"});
 }
 
+template <typename T>
+inline void registerArrayTopNFunction(const std::string& prefix) {
+  registerFunction<ArrayTopNFunction, Array<T>, Array<T>, int64_t>(
+      {prefix + "array_top_n"});
+}
+
 template <typename T>
 inline void registerArrayRemoveNullFunctions(const std::string& prefix) {
   registerFunction<ArrayRemoveNullFunction, Array<T>, Array<T>>(
@@ -241,6 +247,19 @@ void registerArrayFunctions(const std::string& prefix) {
       Array<Varchar>,
       int64_t>({prefix + "trim_array"});
 
+  registerArrayTopNFunction<int8_t>(prefix);
+  registerArrayTopNFunction<int16_t>(prefix);
+  registerArrayTopNFunction<int32_t>(prefix);
+  registerArrayTopNFunction<int64_t>(prefix);
+  registerArrayTopNFunction<int128_t>(prefix);
+  registerArrayTopNFunction<float>(prefix);
+  registerArrayTopNFunction<double>(prefix);
+  registerArrayTopNFunction<Varchar>(prefix);
+  registerArrayTopNFunction<Timestamp>(prefix);
+  registerArrayTopNFunction<Date>(prefix);
+  registerArrayTopNFunction<Varbinary>(prefix);
+  registerArrayTopNFunction<Orderable<T1>>(prefix);
+
   registerArrayRemoveNullFunctions<int8_t>(prefix);
   registerArrayRemoveNullFunctions<int16_t>(prefix);
   registerArrayRemoveNullFunctions<int32_t>(prefix);