Fix type error when header is not a JSON object (#715)

Prevent TypeError when decoding tokens with non-hash headers (e.g.,
arrays).

Fixes a TypeError where malformed tokens with array headers caused "no
implicit conversion of String into Integer" error instead of raising the
expected JWT::DecodeError.

Author: 304

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 
 - Fix compatibility with the openssl 4.0 gem [#706](https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/pull/706)
 - Test against Ruby 4.0 on CI [#707](https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/pull/707)
+- Fix type error when header is not a JSON object [#715](https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/pull/715) - ([@304](https://github.com/304))
 - Your contribution here
 
 ## [v3.1.2](https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/tree/v3.1.2) (2025-06-28)

lib/jwt/decode.rb

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def verify_signature
 
     def verify_algo
       raise JWT::IncorrectAlgorithm, 'An algorithm must be specified' if allowed_algorithms.empty?
-      raise JWT::DecodeError, 'Token header not a JSON object' unless token.header.is_a?(Hash)
+      raise JWT::DecodeError, 'Token header not a JSON object' unless valid_token_header?
       raise JWT::IncorrectAlgorithm, 'Token is missing alg header' unless alg_in_header
       raise JWT::IncorrectAlgorithm, 'Expected a different algorithm' if allowed_and_valid_algorithms.empty?
     end
@@ -113,9 +113,15 @@ def validate_segment_count!
     end
 
     def none_algorithm?
+      return false unless valid_token_header?
+
       alg_in_header == 'none'
     end
 
+    def valid_token_header?
+      token.header.is_a?(Hash)
+    end
+
     def alg_in_header
       token.header['alg']
     end

spec/jwt/jwt_spec.rb

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
       :empty_token => 'e30K.e30K.e30K',
       :empty_token_2_segment => 'e30K.e30K.',
       :invalid_header_token => 'W10.e30K.e30K',
+      :invalid_2_segment_header_token => 'WyJIUzI1NiJd.e30K',
       :secret => 'My$ecretK3y',
       :rsa_private => test_pkey('rsa-2048-private.pem'),
       :rsa_public => test_pkey('rsa-2048-public.pem'),
@@ -472,6 +473,14 @@
           end
         end
 
+        context 'invalid 2-segment header format' do
+          it 'should raise JWT::DecodeError' do
+            expect do
+              JWT.decode data[:invalid_2_segment_header_token]
+            end.to raise_error JWT::DecodeError, 'Not enough or too many segments'
+          end
+        end
+
         context '2-segment token' do
           it 'should raise JWT::IncorrectAlgorithm' do
             expect do