diff --git a/c/cert/src/rules/INT34-C/ExprShiftedbyNegativeOrGreaterPrecisionOperand.ql b/c/cert/src/rules/INT34-C/ExprShiftedbyNegativeOrGreaterPrecisionOperand.ql
index 80bd212aa2..d6445d4937 100644
--- a/c/cert/src/rules/INT34-C/ExprShiftedbyNegativeOrGreaterPrecisionOperand.ql
+++ b/c/cert/src/rules/INT34-C/ExprShiftedbyNegativeOrGreaterPrecisionOperand.ql
@@ -15,91 +15,8 @@ import codingstandards.c.cert
 import semmle.code.cpp.rangeanalysis.SimpleRangeAnalysis
 import semmle.code.cpp.valuenumbering.GlobalValueNumbering
 import semmle.code.cpp.controlflow.Guards
+import codingstandards.cpp.UndefinedBehavior
 
-/*
- * Precision predicate based on a sample implementation from
- * https://wiki.sei.cmu.edu/confluence/display/c/INT35-C.+Use+correct+integer+precisions
- */
-
-/**
- * A function whose name is suggestive that it counts the number of bits set.
- */
-class PopCount extends Function {
-  PopCount() { this.getName().toLowerCase().matches("%popc%nt%") }
-}
-
-/**
- * A macro which is suggestive that it is used to determine the precision of an integer.
- */
-class PrecisionMacro extends Macro {
-  PrecisionMacro() { this.getName().toLowerCase().matches("precision") }
-}
-
-class LiteralZero extends Literal {
-  LiteralZero() { this.getValue() = "0" }
-}
-
-class BitShiftExpr extends BinaryBitwiseOperation {
-  BitShiftExpr() {
-    this instanceof LShiftExpr or
-    this instanceof RShiftExpr
-  }
-}
-
-int getPrecision(IntegralType type) {
-  type.isExplicitlyUnsigned() and result = type.getSize() * 8
-  or
-  type.isExplicitlySigned() and result = type.getSize() * 8 - 1
-}
-
-predicate isForbiddenShiftExpr(BitShiftExpr shift, string message) {
-  (
-    (
-      getPrecision(shift.getLeftOperand().getExplicitlyConverted().getUnderlyingType()) <=
-        upperBound(shift.getRightOperand()) and
-      message =
-        "The operand " + shift.getLeftOperand() + " is shifted by an expression " +
-          shift.getRightOperand() + " whose upper bound (" + upperBound(shift.getRightOperand()) +
-          ") is greater than or equal to the precision."
-      or
-      lowerBound(shift.getRightOperand()) < 0 and
-      message =
-        "The operand " + shift.getLeftOperand() + " is shifted by an expression " +
-          shift.getRightOperand() + " which may be negative."
-    ) and
-    /*
-     * Shift statement is not at a basic block where
-     * `shift_rhs < PRECISION(...)` is ensured
-     */
-
-    not exists(GuardCondition gc, BasicBlock block, Expr precisionCall, Expr lTLhs |
-      block = shift.getBasicBlock() and
-      (
-        precisionCall.(FunctionCall).getTarget() instanceof PopCount
-        or
-        precisionCall = any(PrecisionMacro pm).getAnInvocation().getExpr()
-      )
-    |
-      globalValueNumber(lTLhs) = globalValueNumber(shift.getRightOperand()) and
-      gc.ensuresLt(lTLhs, precisionCall, 0, block, true)
-    ) and
-    /*
-     * Shift statement is not at a basic block where
-     * `shift_rhs < 0` is ensured
-     */
-
-    not exists(GuardCondition gc, BasicBlock block, Expr literalZero, Expr lTLhs |
-      block = shift.getBasicBlock() and
-      literalZero instanceof LiteralZero
-    |
-      globalValueNumber(lTLhs) = globalValueNumber(shift.getRightOperand()) and
-      gc.ensuresLt(lTLhs, literalZero, 0, block, true)
-    )
-  )
-}
-
-from BinaryBitwiseOperation badShift, string message
-where
-  not isExcluded(badShift, Types1Package::exprShiftedbyNegativeOrGreaterPrecisionOperandQuery()) and
-  isForbiddenShiftExpr(badShift, message)
-select badShift, message
+from ShiftByNegativeOrGreaterPrecisionOperand badShift
+where not isExcluded(badShift, Types1Package::exprShiftedbyNegativeOrGreaterPrecisionOperandQuery())
+select badShift, badShift.getReason()
diff --git a/c/cert/test/rules/INT34-C/ExprShiftedbyNegativeOrGreaterPrecisionOperand.expected b/c/cert/test/rules/INT34-C/ExprShiftedbyNegativeOrGreaterPrecisionOperand.expected
index 0cd42bb3e0..dc92d0f1be 100644
--- a/c/cert/test/rules/INT34-C/ExprShiftedbyNegativeOrGreaterPrecisionOperand.expected
+++ b/c/cert/test/rules/INT34-C/ExprShiftedbyNegativeOrGreaterPrecisionOperand.expected
@@ -1,159 +1,159 @@
-| test.c:43:3:43:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs0 whose upper bound (8) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:47:3:47:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs3 whose upper bound (16) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:49:3:49:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs4 whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:51:3:51:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs5 whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:53:3:53:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs6 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:55:3:55:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs7 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:57:3:57:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs8 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:59:3:59:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs9 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:61:3:61:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs10 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:63:3:63:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs11 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:65:3:65:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs12 whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:67:3:67:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs13 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:69:3:69:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs14 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:71:3:71:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs0 whose upper bound (8) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:73:3:73:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs1 whose upper bound (7) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:75:3:75:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs2 whose upper bound (7) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:77:3:77:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs3 whose upper bound (16) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:79:3:79:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs4 whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:81:3:81:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs5 whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:83:3:83:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs6 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:85:3:85:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs7 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:87:3:87:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs8 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:89:3:89:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs9 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:91:3:91:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs10 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:93:3:93:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs11 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:95:3:95:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs12 whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:97:3:97:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs13 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:99:3:99:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs14 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:134:3:134:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs3 is shifted by an expression rhs3 whose upper bound (16) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:138:3:138:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs3 is shifted by an expression rhs6 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:140:3:140:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs3 is shifted by an expression rhs7 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:142:3:142:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs3 is shifted by an expression rhs8 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:144:3:144:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs3 is shifted by an expression rhs9 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:146:3:146:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs3 is shifted by an expression rhs10 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:148:3:148:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs3 is shifted by an expression rhs11 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:150:3:150:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs3 is shifted by an expression rhs12 whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:152:3:152:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs3 is shifted by an expression rhs13 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:154:3:154:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs3 is shifted by an expression rhs14 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:159:3:159:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs3 whose upper bound (16) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:161:3:161:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs4 whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:163:3:163:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs5 whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:165:3:165:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs6 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:167:3:167:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs7 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:169:3:169:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs8 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:171:3:171:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs9 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:173:3:173:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs10 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:175:3:175:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs11 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:177:3:177:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs12 whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:179:3:179:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs13 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:181:3:181:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs14 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:216:3:216:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs6 is shifted by an expression rhs6 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:220:3:220:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs6 is shifted by an expression rhs9 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:224:3:224:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs6 is shifted by an expression rhs12 whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:226:3:226:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs6 is shifted by an expression rhs13 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:228:3:228:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs6 is shifted by an expression rhs14 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:236:3:236:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs7 is shifted by an expression rhs6 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:238:3:238:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs7 is shifted by an expression rhs7 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:240:3:240:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs7 is shifted by an expression rhs8 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:242:3:242:14 | ... << ... | The operand lhs7 is shifted by an expression rhs9 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:244:3:244:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs7 is shifted by an expression rhs10 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:246:3:246:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs7 is shifted by an expression rhs11 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:248:3:248:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs7 is shifted by an expression rhs12 whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:250:3:250:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs7 is shifted by an expression rhs13 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:252:3:252:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs7 is shifted by an expression rhs14 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:292:3:292:15 | ... << ... | The operand lhs9 is shifted by an expression rhs12 whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:316:3:316:16 | ... << ... | The operand lhs10 is shifted by an expression rhs12 whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:318:3:318:16 | ... << ... | The operand lhs10 is shifted by an expression rhs13 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:320:3:320:16 | ... << ... | The operand lhs10 is shifted by an expression rhs14 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:358:3:358:16 | ... << ... | The operand lhs12 is shifted by an expression rhs12 whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:374:3:374:16 | ... << ... | The operand lhs13 is shifted by an expression rhs12 whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:376:3:376:16 | ... << ... | The operand lhs13 is shifted by an expression rhs13 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:378:3:378:16 | ... << ... | The operand lhs13 is shifted by an expression rhs14 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1579:3:1580:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs0 whose upper bound (8) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1583:3:1584:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs3 whose upper bound (16) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1585:3:1586:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs4 whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1587:3:1588:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs5 whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1589:3:1590:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs6 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1591:3:1592:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs7 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1593:3:1594:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs8 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1595:3:1596:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs9 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1597:3:1597:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs10 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1599:3:1599:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs11 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1601:3:1601:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs12 whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1603:3:1603:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs13 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1605:3:1605:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression rhs14 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1607:3:1608:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs0 whose upper bound (8) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1609:3:1610:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs1 whose upper bound (7) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1611:3:1612:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs2 whose upper bound (7) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1613:3:1614:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs3 whose upper bound (16) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1615:3:1616:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs4 whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1617:3:1618:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs5 whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1619:3:1620:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs6 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1621:3:1622:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs7 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1623:3:1624:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs8 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1625:3:1626:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs9 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1627:3:1627:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs10 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1629:3:1629:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs11 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1631:3:1631:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs12 whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1633:3:1633:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs13 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1635:3:1635:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression rhs14 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1670:3:1671:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs3 is shifted by an expression rhs3 whose upper bound (16) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1674:3:1675:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs3 is shifted by an expression rhs6 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1676:3:1677:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs3 is shifted by an expression rhs7 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1678:3:1679:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs3 is shifted by an expression rhs8 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1680:3:1681:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs3 is shifted by an expression rhs9 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1682:3:1682:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs3 is shifted by an expression rhs10 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1684:3:1684:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs3 is shifted by an expression rhs11 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1686:3:1686:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs3 is shifted by an expression rhs12 whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1688:3:1688:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs3 is shifted by an expression rhs13 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1690:3:1690:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs3 is shifted by an expression rhs14 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1695:3:1696:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs3 whose upper bound (16) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1697:3:1698:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs4 whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1699:3:1700:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs5 whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1701:3:1702:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs6 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1703:3:1704:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs7 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1705:3:1706:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs8 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1707:3:1708:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs9 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1709:3:1709:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs10 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1711:3:1711:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs11 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1713:3:1713:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs12 whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1715:3:1715:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs13 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1717:3:1717:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression rhs14 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1752:3:1753:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs6 is shifted by an expression rhs6 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1756:3:1757:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs6 is shifted by an expression rhs9 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1760:3:1760:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs6 is shifted by an expression rhs12 whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1762:3:1762:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs6 is shifted by an expression rhs13 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1764:3:1764:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs6 is shifted by an expression rhs14 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1772:3:1773:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs7 is shifted by an expression rhs6 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1774:3:1775:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs7 is shifted by an expression rhs7 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1776:3:1777:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs7 is shifted by an expression rhs8 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1778:3:1779:10 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs7 is shifted by an expression rhs9 whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1780:3:1780:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs7 is shifted by an expression rhs10 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1782:3:1782:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs7 is shifted by an expression rhs11 whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1784:3:1784:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs7 is shifted by an expression rhs12 whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1786:3:1786:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs7 is shifted by an expression rhs13 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1788:3:1788:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs7 is shifted by an expression rhs14 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1828:3:1828:15 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs9 is shifted by an expression rhs12 whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1852:3:1852:16 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs10 is shifted by an expression rhs12 whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1854:3:1854:16 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs10 is shifted by an expression rhs13 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1856:3:1856:16 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs10 is shifted by an expression rhs14 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1894:3:1894:16 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs12 is shifted by an expression rhs12 whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1910:3:1910:16 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs13 is shifted by an expression rhs12 whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1912:3:1912:16 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs13 is shifted by an expression rhs13 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:1914:3:1914:16 | ... >> ... | The operand lhs13 is shifted by an expression rhs14 whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
-| test.c:3115:3:3115:12 | ... << ... | The operand lhs0 is shifted by an expression - ... which may be negative. |
-| test.c:3116:3:3116:12 | ... << ... | The operand lhs1 is shifted by an expression - ... which may be negative. |
-| test.c:3117:3:3117:12 | ... << ... | The operand lhs2 is shifted by an expression - ... which may be negative. |
-| test.c:3118:3:3118:12 | ... << ... | The operand lhs3 is shifted by an expression - ... which may be negative. |
-| test.c:3119:3:3119:12 | ... << ... | The operand lhs4 is shifted by an expression - ... which may be negative. |
-| test.c:3120:3:3120:12 | ... << ... | The operand lhs5 is shifted by an expression - ... which may be negative. |
-| test.c:3121:3:3121:12 | ... << ... | The operand lhs6 is shifted by an expression - ... which may be negative. |
-| test.c:3122:3:3122:12 | ... << ... | The operand lhs7 is shifted by an expression - ... which may be negative. |
-| test.c:3123:3:3123:12 | ... << ... | The operand lhs8 is shifted by an expression - ... which may be negative. |
-| test.c:3124:3:3124:12 | ... << ... | The operand lhs9 is shifted by an expression - ... which may be negative. |
-| test.c:3125:3:3125:13 | ... << ... | The operand lhs10 is shifted by an expression - ... which may be negative. |
-| test.c:3126:3:3126:13 | ... << ... | The operand lhs11 is shifted by an expression - ... which may be negative. |
-| test.c:3127:3:3127:13 | ... << ... | The operand lhs12 is shifted by an expression - ... which may be negative. |
-| test.c:3128:3:3128:13 | ... << ... | The operand lhs13 is shifted by an expression - ... which may be negative. |
-| test.c:3129:3:3129:13 | ... << ... | The operand lhs14 is shifted by an expression - ... which may be negative. |
+| test.c:43:3:43:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs0' whose upper bound (8) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:47:3:47:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs3' whose upper bound (16) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:49:3:49:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs4' whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:51:3:51:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs5' whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:53:3:53:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs6' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:55:3:55:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs7' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:57:3:57:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs8' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:59:3:59:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs9' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:61:3:61:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs10' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:63:3:63:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs11' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:65:3:65:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs12' whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:67:3:67:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs13' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:69:3:69:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs14' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:71:3:71:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs0' whose upper bound (8) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:73:3:73:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs1' whose upper bound (7) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:75:3:75:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs2' whose upper bound (7) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:77:3:77:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs3' whose upper bound (16) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:79:3:79:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs4' whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:81:3:81:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs5' whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:83:3:83:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs6' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:85:3:85:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs7' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:87:3:87:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs8' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:89:3:89:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs9' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:91:3:91:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs10' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:93:3:93:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs11' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:95:3:95:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs12' whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:97:3:97:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs13' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:99:3:99:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs14' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:134:3:134:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs3' is shifted by an expression 'rhs3' whose upper bound (16) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:138:3:138:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs3' is shifted by an expression 'rhs6' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:140:3:140:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs3' is shifted by an expression 'rhs7' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:142:3:142:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs3' is shifted by an expression 'rhs8' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:144:3:144:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs3' is shifted by an expression 'rhs9' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:146:3:146:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs3' is shifted by an expression 'rhs10' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:148:3:148:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs3' is shifted by an expression 'rhs11' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:150:3:150:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs3' is shifted by an expression 'rhs12' whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:152:3:152:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs3' is shifted by an expression 'rhs13' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:154:3:154:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs3' is shifted by an expression 'rhs14' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:159:3:159:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs3' whose upper bound (16) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:161:3:161:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs4' whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:163:3:163:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs5' whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:165:3:165:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs6' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:167:3:167:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs7' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:169:3:169:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs8' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:171:3:171:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs9' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:173:3:173:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs10' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:175:3:175:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs11' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:177:3:177:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs12' whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:179:3:179:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs13' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:181:3:181:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs14' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:216:3:216:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs6' is shifted by an expression 'rhs6' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:220:3:220:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs6' is shifted by an expression 'rhs9' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:224:3:224:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs6' is shifted by an expression 'rhs12' whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:226:3:226:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs6' is shifted by an expression 'rhs13' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:228:3:228:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs6' is shifted by an expression 'rhs14' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:236:3:236:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs7' is shifted by an expression 'rhs6' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:238:3:238:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs7' is shifted by an expression 'rhs7' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:240:3:240:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs7' is shifted by an expression 'rhs8' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:242:3:242:14 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs7' is shifted by an expression 'rhs9' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:244:3:244:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs7' is shifted by an expression 'rhs10' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:246:3:246:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs7' is shifted by an expression 'rhs11' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:248:3:248:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs7' is shifted by an expression 'rhs12' whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:250:3:250:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs7' is shifted by an expression 'rhs13' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:252:3:252:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs7' is shifted by an expression 'rhs14' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:292:3:292:15 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs9' is shifted by an expression 'rhs12' whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:316:3:316:16 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs10' is shifted by an expression 'rhs12' whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:318:3:318:16 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs10' is shifted by an expression 'rhs13' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:320:3:320:16 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs10' is shifted by an expression 'rhs14' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:358:3:358:16 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs12' is shifted by an expression 'rhs12' whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:374:3:374:16 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs13' is shifted by an expression 'rhs12' whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:376:3:376:16 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs13' is shifted by an expression 'rhs13' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:378:3:378:16 | ... << ... | The operand  'lhs13' is shifted by an expression 'rhs14' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1579:3:1580:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs0' whose upper bound (8) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1583:3:1584:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs3' whose upper bound (16) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1585:3:1586:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs4' whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1587:3:1588:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs5' whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1589:3:1590:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs6' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1591:3:1592:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs7' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1593:3:1594:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs8' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1595:3:1596:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs9' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1597:3:1597:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs10' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1599:3:1599:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs11' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1601:3:1601:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs12' whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1603:3:1603:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs13' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1605:3:1605:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs0' is shifted by an expression 'rhs14' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1607:3:1608:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs0' whose upper bound (8) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1609:3:1610:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs1' whose upper bound (7) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1611:3:1612:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs2' whose upper bound (7) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1613:3:1614:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs3' whose upper bound (16) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1615:3:1616:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs4' whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1617:3:1618:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs5' whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1619:3:1620:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs6' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1621:3:1622:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs7' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1623:3:1624:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs8' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1625:3:1626:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs9' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1627:3:1627:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs10' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1629:3:1629:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs11' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1631:3:1631:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs12' whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1633:3:1633:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs13' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1635:3:1635:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs1' is shifted by an expression 'rhs14' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1670:3:1671:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs3' is shifted by an expression 'rhs3' whose upper bound (16) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1674:3:1675:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs3' is shifted by an expression 'rhs6' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1676:3:1677:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs3' is shifted by an expression 'rhs7' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1678:3:1679:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs3' is shifted by an expression 'rhs8' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1680:3:1681:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs3' is shifted by an expression 'rhs9' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1682:3:1682:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs3' is shifted by an expression 'rhs10' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1684:3:1684:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs3' is shifted by an expression 'rhs11' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1686:3:1686:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs3' is shifted by an expression 'rhs12' whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1688:3:1688:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs3' is shifted by an expression 'rhs13' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1690:3:1690:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs3' is shifted by an expression 'rhs14' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1695:3:1696:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs3' whose upper bound (16) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1697:3:1698:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs4' whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1699:3:1700:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs5' whose upper bound (15) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1701:3:1702:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs6' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1703:3:1704:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs7' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1705:3:1706:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs8' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1707:3:1708:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs9' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1709:3:1709:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs10' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1711:3:1711:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs11' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1713:3:1713:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs12' whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1715:3:1715:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs13' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1717:3:1717:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs4' is shifted by an expression 'rhs14' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1752:3:1753:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs6' is shifted by an expression 'rhs6' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1756:3:1757:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs6' is shifted by an expression 'rhs9' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1760:3:1760:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs6' is shifted by an expression 'rhs12' whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1762:3:1762:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs6' is shifted by an expression 'rhs13' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1764:3:1764:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs6' is shifted by an expression 'rhs14' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1772:3:1773:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs7' is shifted by an expression 'rhs6' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1774:3:1775:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs7' is shifted by an expression 'rhs7' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1776:3:1777:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs7' is shifted by an expression 'rhs8' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1778:3:1779:10 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs7' is shifted by an expression 'rhs9' whose upper bound (32) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1780:3:1780:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs7' is shifted by an expression 'rhs10' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1782:3:1782:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs7' is shifted by an expression 'rhs11' whose upper bound (31) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1784:3:1784:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs7' is shifted by an expression 'rhs12' whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1786:3:1786:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs7' is shifted by an expression 'rhs13' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1788:3:1788:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs7' is shifted by an expression 'rhs14' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1828:3:1828:15 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs9' is shifted by an expression 'rhs12' whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1852:3:1852:16 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs10' is shifted by an expression 'rhs12' whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1854:3:1854:16 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs10' is shifted by an expression 'rhs13' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1856:3:1856:16 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs10' is shifted by an expression 'rhs14' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1894:3:1894:16 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs12' is shifted by an expression 'rhs12' whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1910:3:1910:16 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs13' is shifted by an expression 'rhs12' whose upper bound (64) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1912:3:1912:16 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs13' is shifted by an expression 'rhs13' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:1914:3:1914:16 | ... >> ... | The operand  'lhs13' is shifted by an expression 'rhs14' whose upper bound (63) is greater than or equal to the precision. |
+| test.c:3115:3:3115:12 | ... << ... | The operand 'lhs0' is shifted by an expression '- ...' which may be negative. |
+| test.c:3116:3:3116:12 | ... << ... | The operand 'lhs1' is shifted by an expression '- ...' which may be negative. |
+| test.c:3117:3:3117:12 | ... << ... | The operand 'lhs2' is shifted by an expression '- ...' which may be negative. |
+| test.c:3118:3:3118:12 | ... << ... | The operand 'lhs3' is shifted by an expression '- ...' which may be negative. |
+| test.c:3119:3:3119:12 | ... << ... | The operand 'lhs4' is shifted by an expression '- ...' which may be negative. |
+| test.c:3120:3:3120:12 | ... << ... | The operand 'lhs5' is shifted by an expression '- ...' which may be negative. |
+| test.c:3121:3:3121:12 | ... << ... | The operand 'lhs6' is shifted by an expression '- ...' which may be negative. |
+| test.c:3122:3:3122:12 | ... << ... | The operand 'lhs7' is shifted by an expression '- ...' which may be negative. |
+| test.c:3123:3:3123:12 | ... << ... | The operand 'lhs8' is shifted by an expression '- ...' which may be negative. |
+| test.c:3124:3:3124:12 | ... << ... | The operand 'lhs9' is shifted by an expression '- ...' which may be negative. |
+| test.c:3125:3:3125:13 | ... << ... | The operand 'lhs10' is shifted by an expression '- ...' which may be negative. |
+| test.c:3126:3:3126:13 | ... << ... | The operand 'lhs11' is shifted by an expression '- ...' which may be negative. |
+| test.c:3127:3:3127:13 | ... << ... | The operand 'lhs12' is shifted by an expression '- ...' which may be negative. |
+| test.c:3128:3:3128:13 | ... << ... | The operand 'lhs13' is shifted by an expression '- ...' which may be negative. |
+| test.c:3129:3:3129:13 | ... << ... | The operand 'lhs14' is shifted by an expression '- ...' which may be negative. |
diff --git a/c/common/src/codingstandards/c/UndefinedBehavior.qll b/c/common/src/codingstandards/c/UndefinedBehavior.qll
index 49b1ee3e5e..5c9dc230d8 100644
--- a/c/common/src/codingstandards/c/UndefinedBehavior.qll
+++ b/c/common/src/codingstandards/c/UndefinedBehavior.qll
@@ -25,4 +25,9 @@ class CUndefinedMainDefinition extends CUndefinedBehavior, Function {
     (this.getName() = "main" or this.getName().indexOf("____codeql_coding_standards") = 0) and
     not this instanceof C99MainFunction
   }
+
+  override string getReason() {
+    result =
+      "The behavior of the program is undefined because the main function is not defined according to the C standard."
+  }
 }
diff --git a/change_notes/2024-02-21-fix-reported-fp-a4-7-1.md b/change_notes/2024-02-21-fix-reported-fp-a4-7-1.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..246d0481f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/change_notes/2024-02-21-fix-reported-fp-a4-7-1.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+- `A4-7-1` -  `IntegerExpressionLeadToDataLoss.ql`:
+    - Address reported FP in #396. Exclude shift operations guarded to prevent undefined behavior that could lead to dataloss. 
+- `INT34-C` - `ExprShiftedbyNegativeOrGreaterPrecisionOperand.ql`:
+  - Format the alert message according to the style-guide.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/cpp/autosar/src/rules/M0-1-4/SingleUsePODVariable.qll b/cpp/autosar/src/rules/M0-1-4/SingleUsePODVariable.qll
index 83d78521a0..45ea8c35ab 100644
--- a/cpp/autosar/src/rules/M0-1-4/SingleUsePODVariable.qll
+++ b/cpp/autosar/src/rules/M0-1-4/SingleUsePODVariable.qll
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ private string getConstExprValue(Variable v) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Gets the number of uses of variable `v` in an opaque assignment, where an opaqua assignment for example a cast from one type to the other and `v` is assumed to be a member of the resulting type.
+ * Gets the number of uses of variable `v` in an opaque assignment, where an opaque assignment is a cast from one type to the other, and `v` is assumed to be a member of the resulting type.
  * e.g.,
  * struct foo {
  *  int bar;
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Expr getIndirectSubObjectAssignedValue(MemberVariable subobject) {
       result = externalInitializerCall
     )
     or
-    // the object this subject is part of is initialized and we assumes this initializes the subobject.
+    // the object this subject is part of is initialized and we assume this initializes the subobject.
     instanceOfSomeStruct.getType() = someStruct and
     result = instanceOfSomeStruct.getInitializer().getExpr()
   )
diff --git a/cpp/autosar/test/rules/A4-7-1/IntegerExpressionLeadToDataLoss.expected b/cpp/autosar/test/rules/A4-7-1/IntegerExpressionLeadToDataLoss.expected
index 17153b5a5b..9eb71ee301 100644
--- a/cpp/autosar/test/rules/A4-7-1/IntegerExpressionLeadToDataLoss.expected
+++ b/cpp/autosar/test/rules/A4-7-1/IntegerExpressionLeadToDataLoss.expected
@@ -10,3 +10,6 @@
 | test.cpp:22:12:22:16 | ... + ... | Binary expression ...+... may overflow. |
 | test.cpp:50:7:50:14 | ... + ... | Binary expression ...+... may overflow. |
 | test.cpp:62:8:62:10 | ... ++ | Binary expression ...++... may overflow. |
+| test.cpp:91:10:91:17 | ... << ... | Binary expression ...<<... may overflow. |
+| test.cpp:95:10:95:17 | ... << ... | Binary expression ...<<... may overflow. |
+| test.cpp:98:8:98:15 | ... << ... | Binary expression ...<<... may overflow. |
diff --git a/cpp/autosar/test/rules/A4-7-1/test.cpp b/cpp/autosar/test/rules/A4-7-1/test.cpp
index 9e3c27dec8..416a228311 100644
--- a/cpp/autosar/test/rules/A4-7-1/test.cpp
+++ b/cpp/autosar/test/rules/A4-7-1/test.cpp
@@ -72,4 +72,29 @@ void test_pointer() {
   int *p = nullptr;
   p++; // COMPLIANT - not covered by this rule
   p--; // COMPLIANT - not covered by this rule
+}
+
+extern unsigned int popcount(unsigned int);
+#define PRECISION(x) popcount(x)
+void test_guarded_shifts(unsigned int p1, int p2) {
+  unsigned int l1;
+
+  if (p2 < popcount(p1) && p2 > 0) {
+    l1 = p1 << p2; // COMPLIANT
+  }
+
+  if (p2 < PRECISION(p1) && p2 > 0) {
+    l1 = p1 << p2; // COMPLIANT
+  }
+
+  if (p2 < popcount(p1)) {
+    l1 = p1 << p2; // NON_COMPLIANT - p2 could be negative
+  }
+
+  if (p2 > 0) {
+    l1 = p1 << p2; // NON_COMPLIANT - p2 could have a higher precision
+  }
+
+  l1 = p1 << p2; // NON_COMPLIANT - p2 may have a higher precision or could be
+                 // negative
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Expr.qll b/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Expr.qll
index 029a5b7c03..5c0a20fd97 100644
--- a/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Expr.qll
+++ b/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Expr.qll
@@ -203,3 +203,11 @@ class UnevaluatedExprExtension extends Expr {
     )
   }
 }
+
+/** A class representing left and right bitwise shift operations. */
+class BitShiftExpr extends BinaryBitwiseOperation {
+  BitShiftExpr() {
+    this instanceof LShiftExpr or
+    this instanceof RShiftExpr
+  }
+}
diff --git a/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Function.qll b/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Function.qll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c96fcbd840
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Function.qll
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+/** A module to reason about functions, such as well-known functions. */
+
+import cpp
+
+/**
+ * A function whose name is suggestive that it counts the number of bits set.
+ */
+class PopCount extends Function {
+  PopCount() { this.getName().toLowerCase().matches("%popc%nt%") }
+}
diff --git a/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Literals.qll b/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Literals.qll
index 38f2fb0e8b..c6845b181d 100644
--- a/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Literals.qll
+++ b/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Literals.qll
@@ -30,6 +30,10 @@ class Utf32StringLiteral extends StringLiteral {
   Utf32StringLiteral() { this.getValueText().regexpMatch("(?s)\\s*U\".*") }
 }
 
+class LiteralZero extends Literal {
+  LiteralZero() { this.getValue() = "0" }
+}
+
 /**
  * A literal resulting from the use of a constexpr
  * variable, or macro expansion.
diff --git a/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Macro.qll b/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Macro.qll
index 5760d65bd3..6514e957fb 100644
--- a/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Macro.qll
+++ b/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Macro.qll
@@ -88,3 +88,10 @@ class UserProvidedMacro extends Macro {
 class LibraryMacro extends Macro {
   LibraryMacro() { not this instanceof UserProvidedMacro }
 }
+
+/**
+ * A macro which is suggestive that it is used to determine the precision of an integer.
+ */
+class PrecisionMacro extends Macro {
+  PrecisionMacro() { this.getName().toLowerCase().matches("precision") }
+}
diff --git a/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Overflow.qll b/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Overflow.qll
index 3de3a43bf6..dca1386513 100644
--- a/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Overflow.qll
+++ b/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Overflow.qll
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import SimpleRangeAnalysisCustomizations
 import semmle.code.cpp.controlflow.Guards
 import codingstandards.cpp.dataflow.TaintTracking
 import semmle.code.cpp.valuenumbering.GlobalValueNumbering
+import codingstandards.cpp.Expr
+import codingstandards.cpp.UndefinedBehavior
 
 /**
  * An integer operation that may overflow, underflow or wrap.
@@ -40,7 +42,9 @@ class InterestingOverflowingOperation extends Operation {
     // Not within a macro
     not this.isAffectedByMacro() and
     // Ignore pointer arithmetic
-    not this instanceof PointerArithmeticOperation
+    not this instanceof PointerArithmeticOperation and
+    // In case of the shift operation, it must cause undefined behavior
+    (this instanceof BitShiftExpr implies this instanceof ShiftByNegativeOrGreaterPrecisionOperand)
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Type.qll b/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Type.qll
index a03790a38a..4199b4a12d 100644
--- a/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Type.qll
+++ b/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/Type.qll
@@ -59,3 +59,14 @@ Type stripSpecifiers(Type type) {
   then result = stripSpecifiers(type.(SpecifiedType).getBaseType())
   else result = type
 }
+
+/**
+ * Get the precision of an integral type, where precision is defined as the number of bits
+ * that can be used to represent the numeric value.
+ * https://wiki.sei.cmu.edu/confluence/display/c/INT35-C.+Use+correct+integer+precisions
+ */
+int getPrecision(IntegralType type) {
+  type.isExplicitlyUnsigned() and result = type.getSize() * 8
+  or
+  type.isExplicitlySigned() and result = type.getSize() * 8 - 1
+}
diff --git a/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/UndefinedBehavior.qll b/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/UndefinedBehavior.qll
index 85e2f64612..24bdd3e3f9 100644
--- a/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/UndefinedBehavior.qll
+++ b/cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/UndefinedBehavior.qll
@@ -1,8 +1,65 @@
 import cpp
+import semmle.code.cpp.rangeanalysis.SimpleRangeAnalysis
+import semmle.code.cpp.valuenumbering.GlobalValueNumbering
+import semmle.code.cpp.controlflow.Guards
+import codingstandards.cpp.Literals
+import codingstandards.cpp.Expr
+import codingstandards.cpp.Macro
+import codingstandards.cpp.Type
+import codingstandards.cpp.Function
 
 /**
  * Library for modeling undefined behavior.
  */
-abstract class UndefinedBehavior extends Locatable { }
+abstract class UndefinedBehavior extends Locatable {
+  abstract string getReason();
+}
 
 abstract class CPPUndefinedBehavior extends UndefinedBehavior { }
+
+class ShiftByNegativeOrGreaterPrecisionOperand extends UndefinedBehavior, BitShiftExpr {
+  string reason;
+
+  ShiftByNegativeOrGreaterPrecisionOperand() {
+    getPrecision(this.getLeftOperand().getExplicitlyConverted().getUnderlyingType()) <=
+      upperBound(this.getRightOperand()) and
+    reason =
+      "The operand  '" + this.getLeftOperand() + "' is shifted by an expression '" +
+        this.getRightOperand() + "' whose upper bound (" + upperBound(this.getRightOperand()) +
+        ") is greater than or equal to the precision." and
+    /*
+     * this statement is not at a basic block where
+     * `this_rhs < PRECISION(...)` is ensured
+     */
+
+    not exists(GuardCondition gc, BasicBlock block, Expr precisionCall, Expr lTLhs |
+      block = this.getBasicBlock() and
+      (
+        precisionCall.(FunctionCall).getTarget() instanceof PopCount
+        or
+        precisionCall = any(PrecisionMacro pm).getAnInvocation().getExpr()
+      )
+    |
+      globalValueNumber(lTLhs) = globalValueNumber(this.getRightOperand()) and
+      gc.ensuresLt(lTLhs, precisionCall, 0, block, true)
+    )
+    or
+    lowerBound(this.getRightOperand()) < 0 and
+    reason =
+      "The operand '" + this.getLeftOperand() + "' is shifted by an expression '" +
+        this.getRightOperand() + "' which may be negative." and
+    /*
+     * this statement is not at a basic block where
+     * `this_rhs > 0` is ensured
+     */
+
+    not exists(GuardCondition gc, BasicBlock block, Expr literalZero, Expr lTLhs |
+      block = this.getBasicBlock() and
+      literalZero instanceof LiteralZero and
+      globalValueNumber(lTLhs) = globalValueNumber(this.getRightOperand()) and
+      gc.ensuresLt(literalZero, lTLhs, 0, block, true)
+    )
+  }
+
+  override string getReason() { result = reason }
+}