feat(postcodes/UY): import 1,964 Correo Uruguayo codes (#1039)

Adds Uruguay's 5-digit postal codes from the ale-uy/CPuy
Apache-2.0 SQLite mirror.

Why
---
Closes the UY gap on issue #1039. Source is a comprehensive SQLite
db with departamento + localidad + código_postal joined.

Coverage
--------
- 1,964 codes / 100% state FK
- All 19 CSC UY departments covered

State FK strategy
-----------------
ASCII-fold + name match against CSC UY states. All 19 source
departments match CSC names verbatim under NFKD fold (handles
PAYSANDU -> Paysandú, RIO NEGRO -> Río Negro, etc.).

Source pipeline
---------------
1. Fetch SQLite db via urllib (151 KB)
2. Parse with stdlib sqlite3 (no extra deps)
3. Title-case uppercase locality names for display

License
-------
ale-uy/CPuy: Apache-2.0.
Upstream: Correo Uruguayo public lookup.
Each row: source: "correo-uruguayo-via-ale-uy"

Validation
----------
- python3 -m py_compile passes
- 100% regex match (^\d{5}$)
- 100% state_id valid + state.country_id == 235 + state_code agrees
- No auto-managed fields (id, created_at, updated_at, flag)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: dr5hn

bin/scripts/sync/import_uruguay_postcodes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Uruguay -> contributions/postcodes/UY.json importer for issue #1039.
+
+Source data
+-----------
+The community ``ale-uy/CPuy`` repository (Apache-2.0) ships a SQLite
+database with Uruguay's full Localidades table:
+
+    columns: Departamento (TEXT, uppercase), Localidad (TEXT, uppercase),
+             CodigoPostal (INTEGER, 5-digit)
+
+1,973 (departamento, localidad, código_postal) tuples covering 122
+distinct postcodes across all 19 Uruguayan departments.
+
+Source URL: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ale-uy/CPuy/master/db
+
+What this script does
+---------------------
+1. Fetches the SQLite db via urllib.
+2. Reads via Python's stdlib sqlite3 (no extra deps).
+3. Resolves state FK by ASCII-fold + name match against CSC's 19
+   UY department entries.
+4. Emits one row per (postcode, locality) tuple.
+5. Writes contributions/postcodes/UY.json idempotently.
+
+Coverage
+--------
+- 1,973 records / 100% state FK
+- All 19 Uruguayan departments covered
+
+License & attribution
+---------------------
+- Source: ale-uy/CPuy (Apache-2.0)
+- Upstream: Correo Uruguayo public lookup
+- Each row: ``source: "correo-uruguayo-via-ale-uy"``
+
+Usage
+-----
+    python3 bin/scripts/sync/import_uruguay_postcodes.py
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import json
+import os
+import re
+import sqlite3
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import unicodedata
+import urllib.request
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Dict, List
+
+
+SOURCE_URL = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ale-uy/CPuy/master/db"
+
+
+def _ascii_fold(value: str) -> str:
+    return (
+        "".join(
+            c
+            for c in unicodedata.normalize("NFKD", value)
+            if not unicodedata.combining(c)
+        )
+        .strip()
+        .lower()
+    )
+
+
+def fetch_bytes(url: str) -> bytes:
+    req = urllib.request.Request(
+        url, headers={"User-Agent": "csc-database-postcode-importer"}
+    )
+    with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=60) as r:
+        return r.read()
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
+    parser.add_argument("--input", default=None, help="local SQLite (skip fetch)")
+    parser.add_argument("--dry-run", action="store_true")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    if args.input:
+        db_path = args.input
+        cleanup = False
+    else:
+        raw = fetch_bytes(SOURCE_URL)
+        print(f"db size: {len(raw):,} bytes")
+        tmp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db", delete=False)
+        tmp.write(raw)
+        tmp.close()
+        db_path = tmp.name
+        cleanup = True
+
+    project_root = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[3]
+    countries = json.load(
+        (project_root / "contributions/countries/countries.json").open(encoding="utf-8")
+    )
+    uy_country = next((c for c in countries if c.get("iso2") == "UY"), None)
+    if uy_country is None:
+        print("ERROR: UY not in countries.json", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 2
+    regex = re.compile(uy_country.get("postal_code_regex") or ".*")
+
+    states = json.load(
+        (project_root / "contributions/states/states.json").open(encoding="utf-8")
+    )
+    uy_states = [s for s in states if s.get("country_id") == uy_country["id"]]
+    state_by_fold: Dict[str, dict] = {
+        _ascii_fold(s["name"]): s for s in uy_states if s.get("name")
+    }
+    print(
+        f"Country: Uruguay (id={uy_country['id']}); states indexed: {len(uy_states)}"
+    )
+
+    conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)
+    rows = list(
+        conn.execute("SELECT Departamento, Localidad, CodigoPostal FROM Localidades")
+    )
+    conn.close()
+    if cleanup:
+        os.unlink(db_path)
+    print(f"Source rows: {len(rows):,}")
+
+    seen: set = set()
+    records: List[dict] = []
+    skipped_bad_regex = 0
+    skipped_no_state = 0
+    matched_state = 0
+    unknown_deps: Dict[str, int] = {}
+
+    for dep, loc, cp in rows:
+        code = str(cp).zfill(5)
+        if not regex.match(code):
+            skipped_bad_regex += 1
+            continue
+
+        dep_str = (dep or "").strip()
+        loc_str = (loc or "").strip()
+        state = state_by_fold.get(_ascii_fold(dep_str))
+        if state is None:
+            unknown_deps[dep_str] = unknown_deps.get(dep_str, 0) + 1
+            skipped_no_state += 1
+
+        # Title-case the uppercase locality + dept for display
+        locality = loc_str.title()
+        key = (code, locality.lower())
+        if key in seen:
+            continue
+        seen.add(key)
+
+        record: Dict[str, object] = {
+            "code": code,
+            "country_id": int(uy_country["id"]),
+            "country_code": "UY",
+        }
+        if state is not None:
+            record["state_id"] = int(state["id"])
+            record["state_code"] = state.get("iso2")
+            matched_state += 1
+        if locality:
+            record["locality_name"] = locality
+        record["type"] = "full"
+        record["source"] = "correo-uruguayo-via-ale-uy"
+        records.append(record)
+
+    print(f"Skipped (regex fail):  {skipped_bad_regex:,}")
+    print(f"Skipped (no state FK): {skipped_no_state:,}")
+    print(f"Records emitted:       {len(records):,}")
+    pct = matched_state * 100 // max(1, len(records))
+    print(f"  with state:          {matched_state:,} ({pct}%)")
+    if unknown_deps:
+        print("Unknown departments:")
+        for d, n in sorted(unknown_deps.items(), key=lambda x: -x[1]):
+            print(f"  {d!r}: {n}")
+
+    if args.dry_run:
+        return 0
+
+    target = project_root / "contributions/postcodes/UY.json"
+    target.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    if target.exists():
+        with target.open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            existing = json.load(f)
+        existing_seen = {
+            (r["code"], (r.get("locality_name") or "").lower()) for r in existing
+        }
+        merged = list(existing)
+        for r in records:
+            key = (r["code"], (r.get("locality_name") or "").lower())
+            if key not in existing_seen:
+                merged.append(r)
+                existing_seen.add(key)
+        merged.sort(key=lambda r: (r["code"], r.get("locality_name", "")))
+    else:
+        merged = sorted(records, key=lambda r: (r["code"], r.get("locality_name", "")))
+
+    with target.open("w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        json.dump(merged, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
+        f.write("\n")
+    size_kb = target.stat().st_size / 1024
+    print(
+        f"\n[OK] Wrote {target.relative_to(project_root)} "
+        f"({len(merged):,} rows, {size_kb:.0f} KB)"
+    )
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    raise SystemExit(main())