[everywhere] Rework how we mark up inline references.

Visual changes:

 * The "Clause" and "Annex" in "Clause N" and "Annex N" are now part of
   the hyperlink.
 * Fewer words are hyphenated (we prefer to move an inline reference
   across a line break rather than hyphenating a word)
 * Some spurious "Clause"s and "Annex"es are gone and some missing ones
   are now present.

LaTeX-level changes:

Instead of "some text~(\ref{blah})", we now use "some text\iref{blah}".
Instead of "Clause~\ref{blah}", we now use simply "\ref{blah}", and the
"Clause" prefix is automatically added (likewise for "Annex").

For multi-reference parentheticals, use "some text (\ref{a}, \ref{b})".
A longer orphaned parenthetical is not really a big deal.

~s should now generally not be used near \ref's.

Author: zygoloid

source/access.tex

@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@
 \begin{note}
 Access control applies to names nominated by
 \tcode{friend}
-declarations~(\ref{class.friend}) and
-\grammarterm{using-declaration}{s}~(\ref{namespace.udecl}).
+declarations\iref{class.friend} and
+\grammarterm{using-declaration}{s}\iref{namespace.udecl}.
 \end{note}
 In the case of overloaded function names, access control is applied to
 the function selected by overload resolution.
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
 the construct is ill-formed.
 
 \pnum
-All access controls in Clause~\ref{class.access} affect the ability to access a class member
+All access controls in \ref{class.access} affect the ability to access a class member
 name from the declaration of a particular
 entity, including parts of the declaration preceding the name of the entity
 being declared and, if the entity is a class, the definitions of members of
@@ -167,14 +167,14 @@
 \pnum
 \indextext{argument!access checking and default}%
 \indextext{access control!default argument}%
-The names in a default argument~(\ref{dcl.fct.default}) are
+The names in a default argument\iref{dcl.fct.default} are
 bound at the point of declaration, and access is checked at that
 point rather than at any points of use of the default argument.
 Access checking for default arguments in function templates and in
 member functions of class templates is performed as described in~\ref{temp.inst}.
 
 \pnum
-The names in a default \grammarterm{template-argument}~(\ref{temp.param})
+The names in a default \grammarterm{template-argument}\iref{temp.param}
 have their access checked in the context in which they appear rather than at any
 points of use of the default \grammarterm{template-argument}. \begin{example}
 \begin{codeblock}
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
 \pnum
 Member declarations can be labeled by an
 \grammarterm{access-specifier}
-(Clause~\ref{class.derived}):
+(\ref{class.derived}):
 
 \begin{ncbnftab}
 access-specifier \terminal{:} member-specification\opt
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@
 \indextext{base class!\idxcode{public}}
 
 \pnum
-If a class is declared to be a base class (Clause~\ref{class.derived}) for another class using the
+If a class is declared to be a base class\iref{class.derived} for another class using the
 \tcode{public}
 access specifier, the
 \tcode{public}
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@
 \tcode{protected}
 members of the base class are accessible as
 \tcode{private}
-members of the derived class\footnote{As specified previously in Clause~\ref{class.access},
+members of the derived class\footnote{As specified previously in \ref{class.access},
 private members of a base class remain inaccessible even to derived classes
 unless
 \tcode{friend}
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@
 \begin{note}
 A member of a private base class might be inaccessible as an inherited
 member name, but accessible directly.
-Because of the rules on pointer conversions~(\ref{conv.ptr}) and explicit casts~(\ref{expr.cast}), a conversion from a pointer to a derived class to a pointer
+Because of the rules on pointer conversions\iref{conv.ptr} and explicit casts\iref{expr.cast}, a conversion from a pointer to a derived class to a pointer
 to an inaccessible base class might be ill-formed if an implicit conversion
 is used, but well-formed if an explicit cast is used.
 For example,
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@
 \begin{note}
 This class can be explicit, e.g., when a
 \grammarterm{qualified-id}
-is used, or implicit, e.g., when a class member access operator~(\ref{expr.ref}) is used (including cases where an implicit
+is used, or implicit, e.g., when a class member access operator\iref{expr.ref} is used (including cases where an implicit
 ``\tcode{this->}''
 is
 added).
@@ -684,7 +684,7 @@
 
 \begin{note} A \tcode{friend} declaration may be the
 \term{declaration} in a \grammarterm{template-declaration}
-(Clause~\ref{temp}, \ref{temp.friend}).\end{note} If the
+(\ref{temp}, \ref{temp.friend}).\end{note} If the
 type specifier in a \tcode{friend} declaration designates a (possibly
 cv-qualified) class type, that class is declared as a friend; otherwise, the
 \tcode{friend} declaration is ignored. \begin{example}
@@ -715,8 +715,8 @@
 \pnum
 \indextext{friend function!linkage of}%
 A function first declared in a friend declaration
-has the linkage of the namespace of which it is a member~(\ref{basic.link}).
-Otherwise, the function retains its previous linkage~(\ref{dcl.stc}).
+has the linkage of the namespace of which it is a member\iref{basic.link}.
+Otherwise, the function retains its previous linkage\iref{dcl.stc}.
 
 \pnum
 \indextext{declaration!overloaded name and \tcode{friend}}%
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@
 \pnum
 \indextext{friend function!inline}%
 A function can be defined in a friend declaration of a class if and only if the
-class is a non-local class~(\ref{class.local}), the function name is unqualified,
+class is a non-local class\iref{class.local}, the function name is unqualified,
 and the function has namespace scope.
 \begin{example}
 
@@ -757,11 +757,11 @@
 \end{example}
 
 \pnum
-Such a function is implicitly an inline function~(\ref{dcl.inline}).
+Such a function is implicitly an inline function\iref{dcl.inline}.
 A
 \tcode{friend}
 function defined in a class is in the (lexical) scope of the class in which it is defined.
-A friend function defined outside the class is not~(\ref{basic.lookup.unqual}).
+A friend function defined outside the class is not\iref{basic.lookup.unqual}.
 
 \pnum
 No
@@ -779,7 +779,7 @@
 \tcode{private},
 \tcode{protected}
 or
-\tcode{public}~(\ref{class.mem})
+\tcode{public}\iref{class.mem}
 portion of the class
 \grammarterm{member-specification}.
 
@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@
 \pnum
 \indextext{local class!friend}%
 \indextext{friend!local class and}%
-If a friend declaration appears in a local class~(\ref{class.local}) and the
+If a friend declaration appears in a local class\iref{class.local} and the
 name specified is an unqualified name, a prior declaration is looked
 up without considering scopes that are outside the innermost enclosing
 non-class scope.
@@ -853,17 +853,17 @@
 \indextext{access control!\idxcode{protected}}%
 
 \pnum
-An additional access check beyond those described earlier in Clause~\ref{class.access}
+An additional access check beyond those described earlier in \ref{class.access}
 is applied when a non-static data member or non-static member function is a
-protected member of its naming class~(\ref{class.access.base}).\footnote{This
+protected member of its naming class\iref{class.access.base}.\footnote{This
 additional check does not apply to other members,
 e.g., static data members or enumerator member constants.}
 As described earlier, access to a protected member is granted because the
 reference occurs in a friend or member of some class \tcode{C}. If the access is
-to form a pointer to member~(\ref{expr.unary.op}), the
+to form a pointer to member\iref{expr.unary.op}, the
 \grammarterm{nested-name-specifier} shall denote \tcode{C} or a class derived from
 \tcode{C}. All other accesses involve a (possibly implicit) object
-expression~(\ref{expr.ref}). In this case, the class of the object expression shall be
+expression\iref{expr.ref}. In this case, the class of the object expression shall be
 \tcode{C} or a class derived from \tcode{C}.
 \begin{example}
 
@@ -916,7 +916,7 @@
 \indextext{access control!virtual function}
 
 \pnum
-The access rules (Clause~\ref{class.access}) for a virtual function are determined by its declaration
+The access rules\iref{class.access} for a virtual function are determined by its declaration
 and are not affected by the rules for a function that later overrides it.
 \begin{example}
 
@@ -984,7 +984,7 @@
 \pnum
 A nested class is a member and as such has the same access rights as any other member.
 The members of an enclosing class have no special access to members of a nested
-class; the usual access rules (Clause~\ref{class.access}) shall be obeyed.
+class; the usual access rules\iref{class.access} shall be obeyed.
 \begin{example}
 \indextext{example!nested class definition}%