diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index ed1ee4ede..131ad6492 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -226,21 +226,6 @@ exclude = ["tracing/ops_tracing/vendor/*"]
 "testing/tests/*" = [
     # All documentation linting.
     "D",
-    # TODO: the below ignores should be fixed
-    "CPY",  # flake8-copyright
-    "I001",  # isort
-    "B017",  # Do not assert blind exception
-    "B018",  # Useless attribute access
-    "E501",  # Line too long
-    "N999",  # Invalid module name
-    "N813",  # CamelCase imported as lowercase
-    "S105",  # Possible hardcoded password
-    "S108",  # Probably insecure usage of /tmp
-    "W291",  # Trailing whitespace
-    "UP037",  # Remove quotes from type annotation
-    "RUF012",  # Mutable class attributes should be annotated with `typing.ClassVar`
-    "RUF015",  # Prefer `next` over single element slice
-    "SIM115",  # Use a context manager for opening files
 ]
 "ops/_private/timeconv.py" = [
     "RUF001",  # String contains ambiguous `µ` (MICRO SIGN). Did you mean `μ` (GREEK SMALL LETTER MU)?
diff --git a/testing/tests/__init__.py b/testing/tests/__init__.py
index e69de29bb..db3bfe1a6 100644
--- a/testing/tests/__init__.py
+++ b/testing/tests/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
diff --git a/testing/tests/helpers.py b/testing/tests/helpers.py
index 913dcbf98..ed285ccf3 100644
--- a/testing/tests/helpers.py
+++ b/testing/tests/helpers.py
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import dataclasses
 import logging
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypeVar
-from collections.abc import Callable
 
 import jsonpatch
-
 from scenario.context import _DEFAULT_JUJU_VERSION, Context
 from scenario.state import _Event
 
@@ -20,17 +22,17 @@
 
 
 def trigger(
-    state: 'State',
-    event: str | '_Event',
-    charm_type: type['CharmType'],
-    pre_event: Callable[['CharmType'], None] | None = None,
-    post_event: Callable[['CharmType'], None] | None = None,
+    state: State,
+    event: str | _Event,
+    charm_type: type[CharmType],
+    pre_event: Callable[[CharmType], None] | None = None,
+    post_event: Callable[[CharmType], None] | None = None,
     meta: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
     actions: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
     config: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
     charm_root: str | Path | None = None,
     juju_version: str = _DEFAULT_JUJU_VERSION,
-) -> 'State':
+) -> State:
     ctx = Context(
         charm_type=charm_type,
         meta=meta,
@@ -42,10 +44,10 @@ def trigger(
     if isinstance(event, str):
         if event.startswith('relation_'):
             assert len(tuple(state.relations)) == 1, 'shortcut only works with one relation'
-            event = getattr(ctx.on, event)(tuple(state.relations)[0])
+            event = getattr(ctx.on, event)(next(iter(state.relations)))
         elif event.startswith('pebble_'):
             assert len(tuple(state.containers)) == 1, 'shortcut only works with one container'
-            event = getattr(ctx.on, event)(tuple(state.containers)[0])
+            event = getattr(ctx.on, event)(next(iter(state.containers)))
         else:
             event = getattr(ctx.on, event)()
     assert isinstance(event, _Event)
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ def trigger(
     return state_out
 
 
-def jsonpatch_delta(self, other: 'State'):
+def jsonpatch_delta(self, other: State):
     dict_other = dataclasses.asdict(other)
     dict_self = dataclasses.asdict(self)
     for attr in (
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_charm_spec_autoload.py b/testing/tests/test_charm_spec_autoload.py
index d35f2e6e2..1d77caf6e 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_charm_spec_autoload.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_charm_spec_autoload.py
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import importlib
@@ -7,7 +10,6 @@
 
 import pytest
 import yaml
-
 from scenario import Context, Relation, State
 from scenario.context import ContextSetupError
 from scenario.state import CharmType, MetadataNotFoundError, _CharmSpec
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_consistency_checker.py b/testing/tests/test_consistency_checker.py
index 99ebd969b..81ce7eb4e 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_consistency_checker.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_consistency_checker.py
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import dataclasses
 
 import pytest
-import ops
-
 from scenario._consistency_checker import check_consistency
 from scenario.context import Context
 from scenario.errors import InconsistentScenarioError
@@ -29,15 +30,17 @@
     _Event,
 )
 
+import ops
+
 
 class MyCharm(ops.CharmBase):
     pass
 
 
 def assert_inconsistent(
-    state: 'State',
-    event: '_Event',
-    charm_spec: '_CharmSpec',
+    state: State,
+    event: _Event,
+    charm_spec: _CharmSpec,
     juju_version='3.0',
     unit_id=0,
 ):
@@ -46,9 +49,9 @@ def assert_inconsistent(
 
 
 def assert_consistent(
-    state: 'State',
-    event: '_Event',
-    charm_spec: '_CharmSpec',
+    state: State,
+    event: _Event,
+    charm_spec: _CharmSpec,
     juju_version='3.0',
     unit_id=0,
 ):
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_context.py b/testing/tests/test_context.py
index a871b8d52..054698193 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_context.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_context.py
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
-from ops import CharmBase
-
 from scenario import Context, State
 from scenario.errors import UncaughtCharmError
 from scenario.state import _Event, _next_action_id
 
+from ops import CharmBase
+
 
 class MyCharm(CharmBase):
     pass
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_context_on.py b/testing/tests/test_context_on.py
index 15687f10b..88d11f358 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_context_on.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_context_on.py
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import copy
 import datetime
 import typing
 
-import ops
 import pytest
-
 import scenario
 
+import ops
 
 META = {
     'name': 'context-charm',
@@ -333,7 +335,7 @@ def test_relation_departed_event():
     relation = scenario.Relation('baz')
     state_in = scenario.State(relations=[relation])
     # These look like:
-    #   ctx.run(ctx.on.baz_relation_departed(unit=unit_ordinal, departing_unit=unit_ordinal), state)
+    #   ctx.run(ctx.on.baz_relation_departed(unit=unit_num, departing_unit=unit_num), state)
     with ctx(ctx.on.relation_departed(relation, remote_unit=2, departing_unit=1), state_in) as mgr:
         mgr.run()
         relation_event, collect_status = mgr.charm.observed
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/__init__.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/__init__.py
index e69de29bb..db3bfe1a6 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/__init__.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/conftest.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/conftest.py
index e5ea4ddd1..2768758c1 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/conftest.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/conftest.py
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Any
 from collections.abc import Generator
+from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
 import yaml
-
 from scenario import Context
+
 from test.charms.test_secrets.src.charm import SecretsCharm
 
 
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_actions.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_actions.py
index 40d65fc6a..58cbabd44 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_actions.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_actions.py
@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import pytest
+from scenario import Context
+from scenario.state import State, _Action, _next_action_id
+
 from ops import __version__ as ops_version
+from ops._private.harness import ActionFailed
 from ops.charm import ActionEvent, CharmBase
 from ops.framework import Framework
-from ops._private.harness import ActionFailed
-
-from scenario import Context
-from scenario.state import State, _Action, _next_action_id
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope='function')
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_cloud_spec.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_cloud_spec.py
index 33eb4b11a..8a952d134 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_cloud_spec.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_cloud_spec.py
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import ops
 import pytest
-
 import scenario
 
+import ops
+
 
 class MyCharm(ops.CharmBase):
     def __init__(self, framework: ops.Framework):
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_config.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_config.py
index cb226d59f..a3dc014ef 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_config.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_config.py
@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import pytest
+from scenario.state import State
+
 from ops.charm import CharmBase
 from ops.framework import Framework
 
-from scenario.state import State
 from ..helpers import trigger
 
 
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_deferred.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_deferred.py
index 643d96e32..94043cc2a 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_deferred.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_deferred.py
@@ -1,13 +1,18 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import typing
+from collections.abc import Mapping
 
-import ops
 import pytest
-from ops.framework import LifecycleEvent
-
 from scenario import Context
 from scenario.state import Container, Relation, State, _Event
+
+import ops
+from ops.framework import LifecycleEvent
+
 from ..helpers import trigger
 
 CHARM_CALLED = 0
@@ -16,13 +21,13 @@
 @pytest.fixture(scope='function')
 def mycharm():
     class MyCharm(ops.CharmBase):
-        META: dict[str, typing.Any] = {
+        META: Mapping[str, typing.Any] = {
             'name': 'mycharm',
             'requires': {'foo': {'interface': 'bar'}},
             'containers': {'foo': {'type': 'oci-image'}},
         }
         defer_next = 0
-        captured: list[ops.EventBase] = []
+        captured: typing.ClassVar[list[ops.EventBase]] = []
 
         def __init__(self, framework: ops.Framework):
             super().__init__(framework)
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_event.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_event.py
index 83c0b449f..979db8158 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_event.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_event.py
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import ops
 import pytest
-from ops import CharmBase
-
 from scenario import Context
 from scenario.state import State, _CharmSpec, _Event, _EventType
 
+import ops
+
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     'evt, expected_type',
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ def test_event_type(evt, expected_type):
     assert event._is_secret_event is (expected_type is _EventType.SECRET)
     assert event._is_action_event is (expected_type is _EventType.ACTION)
 
-    class MyCharm(CharmBase):
+    class MyCharm(ops.CharmBase):
         pass
 
     spec = _CharmSpec(
@@ -61,10 +63,7 @@ class MyCharm(CharmBase):
 
 
 def test_emitted_framework():
-    class MyCharm(CharmBase):
-        META = {'name': 'joop'}
-
-    ctx = Context(MyCharm, meta=MyCharm.META, capture_framework_events=True)
+    ctx = Context(ops.CharmBase, meta={'name': 'joop'}, capture_framework_events=True)
     ctx.run(ctx.on.update_status(), State())
     assert len(ctx.emitted_events) == 4
     assert list(map(type, ctx.emitted_events)) == [
@@ -76,9 +75,7 @@ class MyCharm(CharmBase):
 
 
 def test_emitted_deferred():
-    class MyCharm(CharmBase):
-        META = {'name': 'joop'}
-
+    class MyCharm(ops.CharmBase):
         def __init__(self, framework: ops.Framework):
             super().__init__(framework)
             framework.observe(self.on.update_status, self._on_update_status)
@@ -88,7 +85,7 @@ def _on_update_status(self, _: ops.UpdateStatusEvent):
 
     ctx = Context(
         MyCharm,
-        meta=MyCharm.META,
+        meta={'name': 'joop'},
         capture_deferred_events=True,
         capture_framework_events=True,
     )
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_juju_log.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_juju_log.py
index cbbbc1494..2e18446f0 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_juju_log.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_juju_log.py
@@ -1,20 +1,25 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
-from ops.charm import CharmBase, CollectStatusEvent
-
 from scenario import Context
 from scenario.state import JujuLogLine, State
 
+from ops.charm import CharmBase, CollectStatusEvent
+
 logger = logging.getLogger('testing logger')
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope='function')
 def mycharm():
     class MyCharm(CharmBase):
-        META = {'name': 'mycharm'}
+        META: Mapping[str, Any] = {'name': 'mycharm'}
 
         def __init__(self, framework):
             super().__init__(framework)
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_manager.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_manager.py
index 84c5c5d5a..816d28acb 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_manager.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_manager.py
@@ -1,18 +1,24 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import pytest
-from ops import ActiveStatus
-from ops.charm import CharmBase, CollectStatusEvent
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import Any
 
+import pytest
 from scenario import Context, State
 from scenario.context import AlreadyEmittedError, Manager
 
+from ops import ActiveStatus
+from ops.charm import CharmBase, CollectStatusEvent
+
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope='function')
 def mycharm():
     class MyCharm(CharmBase):
-        META = {'name': 'mycharm'}
-        ACTIONS = {'do-x': {}}
+        META: Mapping[str, Any] = {'name': 'mycharm'}
+        ACTIONS: Mapping[str, Any] = {'do-x': {}}
 
         def __init__(self, framework):
             super().__init__(framework)
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_network.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_network.py
index 412a21245..c5d4eecba 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_network.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_network.py
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import pytest
-from ops import RelationNotFoundError
-from ops.charm import CharmBase
-from ops.framework import Framework
-
 from scenario import Context
 from scenario.state import (
     Address,
@@ -15,6 +14,10 @@
     SubordinateRelation,
 )
 
+from ops import RelationNotFoundError
+from ops.charm import CharmBase
+from ops.framework import Framework
+
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope='function')
 def mycharm():
@@ -93,7 +96,7 @@ def test_no_sub_binding(mycharm):
     ) as mgr:
         with pytest.raises(RelationNotFoundError):
             # sub relations have no network
-            mgr.charm.model.get_binding('bar').network
+            mgr.charm.model.get_binding('bar').network  # noqa: B018  # Used to trigger the error.
 
 
 def test_no_relation_error(mycharm):
@@ -123,7 +126,7 @@ def test_no_relation_error(mycharm):
         ),
     ) as mgr:
         with pytest.raises(RelationNotFoundError):
-            mgr.charm.model.get_binding('foo').network
+            mgr.charm.model.get_binding('foo').network  # noqa: B018  # Used to trigger the error.
 
 
 def test_juju_info_network_default(mycharm):
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_pebble.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_pebble.py
index ce82d3cab..b3bb52243 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_pebble.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_pebble.py
@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import dataclasses
 import datetime
 import io
-import tempfile
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
+from scenario import Context
+from scenario.state import CheckInfo, Container, Exec, Mount, Notice, State
+
 from ops import PebbleCustomNoticeEvent, PebbleReadyEvent, pebble
 from ops.charm import CharmBase
 from ops.framework import Framework
 from ops.log import _get_juju_log_and_app_id
 from ops.pebble import ExecError, Layer, ServiceStartup, ServiceStatus
 
-from scenario import Context
-from scenario.state import CheckInfo, Container, Exec, Mount, Notice, State
 from ..helpers import jsonpatch_delta, trigger
 
 
@@ -73,10 +76,10 @@ def callback(self: CharmBase):
     )
 
 
-def test_fs_push(charm_cls):
+def test_fs_push(tmp_path, charm_cls):
     text = 'lorem ipsum/n alles amat gloriae foo'
-    file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
-    pth = Path(file.name)
+
+    pth = tmp_path / 'textfile'
     pth.write_text(text)
 
     def callback(self: CharmBase):
@@ -102,7 +105,7 @@ def callback(self: CharmBase):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('make_dirs', (True, False))
-def test_fs_pull(charm_cls, make_dirs):
+def test_fs_pull(tmp_path, charm_cls, make_dirs):
     text = 'lorem ipsum/n alles amat gloriae foo'
 
     def callback(self: CharmBase):
@@ -120,11 +123,10 @@ def callback(self: CharmBase):
             with pytest.raises((FileNotFoundError, pebble.PathError)):
                 container.pull('/foo/bar/baz.txt')
 
-    td = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
     container = Container(
         name='foo',
         can_connect=True,
-        mounts={'foo': Mount(location='/foo', source=td.name)},
+        mounts={'foo': Mount(location='/foo', source=tmp_path)},
     )
     state = State(containers={container})
 
@@ -137,10 +139,8 @@ def callback(self: CharmBase):
         callback(mgr.charm)
 
     if make_dirs:
-        # file = (out.get_container("foo").mounts["foo"].source + "bar/baz.txt").open("/foo/bar/baz.txt")
-
         # this is one way to retrieve the file
-        file = Path(td.name + '/bar/baz.txt')
+        file = tmp_path / 'bar' / 'baz.txt'
 
         # another is:
         assert file == Path(out.get_container('foo').mounts['foo'].source) / 'bar' / 'baz.txt'
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_play_assertions.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_play_assertions.py
index d804ac962..206ff6b83 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_play_assertions.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_play_assertions.py
@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import dataclasses
 
 import pytest
+from scenario.state import BlockedStatus as ScenarioBlockedStatus
+from scenario.state import Relation, State
+
 from ops.charm import CharmBase
 from ops.framework import Framework
 from ops.model import ActiveStatus, BlockedStatus
 
-from scenario.state import Relation, State
-from scenario.state import BlockedStatus as ScenarioBlockedStatus
 from ..helpers import jsonpatch_delta, trigger
 
 
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_ports.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_ports.py
index 9d122e778..9b37f5fb0 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_ports.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_ports.py
@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import pytest
-from ops import CharmBase, Framework, StartEvent, StopEvent
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import Any
 
+import pytest
 from scenario import Context, State
 from scenario.state import Port, StateValidationError, TCPPort, UDPPort
 
+from ops import CharmBase, Framework, StartEvent, StopEvent
+
 
 class MyCharm(CharmBase):
-    META = {'name': 'edgar'}
+    META: Mapping[str, Any] = {'name': 'edgar'}
 
     def __init__(self, framework: Framework):
         super().__init__(framework)
@@ -31,7 +37,7 @@ def ctx():
 def test_open_port(ctx):
     out = ctx.run(ctx.on.start(), State())
     assert len(out.opened_ports) == 1
-    port = tuple(out.opened_ports)[0]
+    port = next(iter(out.opened_ports))
 
     assert port.protocol == 'tcp'
     assert port.port == 12
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_relations.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_relations.py
index 6cf20c511..bbf7db34f 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_relations.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_relations.py
@@ -1,34 +1,37 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections.abc import Callable
 
-import ops
 import pytest
-from ops.charm import (
-    CharmBase,
-    CharmEvents,
-    CollectStatusEvent,
-    RelationBrokenEvent,
-    RelationCreatedEvent,
-    RelationDepartedEvent,
-    RelationEvent,
-)
-from ops.framework import EventBase, Framework
-
 import scenario
 from scenario import Context
 from scenario.errors import UncaughtCharmError
 from scenario.state import (
     _DEFAULT_JUJU_DATABAG,
-    _Event,
     PeerRelation,
     Relation,
     RelationBase,
     State,
     StateValidationError,
     SubordinateRelation,
+    _Event,
     _next_relation_id,
 )
+
+import ops
+from ops.charm import (
+    CharmBase,
+    CharmEvents,
+    CollectStatusEvent,
+    RelationBrokenEvent,
+    RelationCreatedEvent,
+    RelationDepartedEvent,
+    RelationEvent,
+)
+from ops.framework import EventBase, Framework
 from tests.helpers import trigger
 
 
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@
 def mycharm():
     class MyCharmEvents(CharmEvents):
         @classmethod
-        def define_event(cls, event_kind: str, event_type: 'type[EventBase]'):
+        def define_event(cls, event_kind: str, event_type: type[EventBase]):
             if getattr(cls, event_kind, None):
                 delattr(cls, event_kind)
             return super().define_event(event_kind, event_type)
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_resource.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_resource.py
index 2aeac5408..0860d0411 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_resource.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_resource.py
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
 
 import pathlib
 
-import ops
 import pytest
-
 from scenario import Context, Resource, State
 
+import ops
+
 
 class ResourceCharm(ops.CharmBase):
     def __init__(self, framework):
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def test_get_resource():
             'resources': {'foo': {'type': 'file'}, 'bar': {'type': 'file'}},
         },
     )
-    resource1 = Resource(name='foo', path=pathlib.Path('/tmp/foo'))
+    resource1 = Resource(name='foo', path=pathlib.Path('/var/charm/foo'))
     resource2 = Resource(name='bar', path=pathlib.Path('~/bar'))
     with ctx(ctx.on.update_status(), state=State(resources={resource1, resource2})) as mgr:
         assert mgr.charm.model.resources.fetch('foo') == resource1.path
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_rubbish_events.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_rubbish_events.py
index 9240facd3..b94403e03 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_rubbish_events.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_rubbish_events.py
@@ -1,10 +1,16 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from typing import ClassVar
+
 import pytest
+from scenario.state import State, _CharmSpec, _Event
+
 from ops.charm import CharmBase, CharmEvents
 from ops.framework import EventBase, EventSource, Framework, Object
 
-from scenario.state import State, _CharmSpec, _Event
 from ..helpers import trigger
 
 
@@ -29,7 +35,7 @@ class Sub(Object):
 
     class MyCharm(CharmBase):
         on = MyCharmEvents()
-        evts = []
+        evts: ClassVar[list[EventBase]] = []
 
         def __init__(self, framework: Framework):
             super().__init__(framework)
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_secrets.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_secrets.py
index 6b07a6097..c0170d2b2 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_secrets.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_secrets.py
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import collections
@@ -6,14 +9,13 @@
 from unittest.mock import ANY
 
 import pytest
+from scenario import Context
+from scenario.state import Relation, Secret, State
+
 from ops.charm import CharmBase
 from ops.framework import Framework
-from ops.model import ModelError
+from ops.model import ModelError, SecretNotFoundError, SecretRotate
 from ops.model import Secret as ops_Secret
-from ops.model import SecretNotFoundError, SecretRotate
-
-from scenario import Context
-from scenario.state import Relation, Secret, State
 from test.charms.test_secrets.src.charm import Result, SecretsCharm
 from tests.helpers import trigger
 
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_state.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_state.py
index b8ffa1523..500098d02 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_state.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_state.py
@@ -1,23 +1,19 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import copy
 import tempfile
+from collections.abc import Callable, Generator, Iterable
 from dataclasses import asdict, replace
 from typing import Any
-from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Generator
-
-import yaml
 
-import ops
 import pytest
-from ops.charm import CharmBase, CharmEvents, CollectStatusEvent
-from ops.framework import EventBase, Framework
-from ops.model import ActiveStatus, UnknownStatus, WaitingStatus
-
+import yaml
+from scenario.context import Context
 from scenario.state import (
     _DEFAULT_JUJU_DATABAG,
-    _Event,
-    _next_storage_index,
     Address,
     BindAddress,
     CheckInfo,
@@ -37,9 +33,15 @@
     StoredState,
     SubordinateRelation,
     TCPPort,
+    _Event,
+    _next_storage_index,
     layer_from_rockcraft,
 )
-from scenario.context import Context
+
+import ops
+from ops.charm import CharmBase, CharmEvents, CollectStatusEvent
+from ops.framework import EventBase, Framework
+from ops.model import ActiveStatus, UnknownStatus, WaitingStatus
 from tests.helpers import jsonpatch_delta, sort_patch, trigger
 
 CUSTOM_EVT_SUFFIXES = {
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@
 def mycharm():
     class MyCharmEvents(CharmEvents):
         @classmethod
-        def define_event(cls, event_kind: str, event_type: 'type[EventBase]'):
+        def define_event(cls, event_kind: str, event_type: type[EventBase]):
             if getattr(cls, event_kind, None):
                 delattr(cls, event_kind)
             return super().define_event(event_kind, event_type)
@@ -216,9 +218,9 @@ def event_handler(charm: CharmBase, _):
 
         # this will NOT raise an exception because we're not in an event context!
         # we're right before the event context is entered in fact.
-        with pytest.raises(Exception):
+        with pytest.raises(ops.RelationDataAccessError):
             rel.data[rel.app]['a'] = 'b'
-        with pytest.raises(Exception):
+        with pytest.raises(ops.RelationDataAccessError):
             rel.data[charm.model.get_unit('remote/1')]['c'] = 'd'
 
         assert charm.unit.is_leader()
@@ -504,14 +506,14 @@ def test_state_immutable(obj_in, attribute: str, get_method: str, key_attr: str,
     elif attribute == 'opened_ports':
         # There's no State.get_opened_ports, because in a charm tests you just
         # want to assert the port is/is not in the set.
-        obj_out = [p for p in state_out.opened_ports if p == obj_in][0]
+        obj_out = next(p for p in state_out.opened_ports if p == obj_in)
     elif attribute == 'secrets':
         # State.get_secret only takes keyword arguments, while the others take
         # only positional arguments.
         obj_out = state_out.get_secret(id=obj_in.id)
     elif attribute == 'resources':
         # Charms can't change resources, so there's no State.get_resource.
-        obj_out = [r for r in state_out.resources if r == obj_in][0]
+        obj_out = next(r for r in state_out.resources if r == obj_in)
     else:
         obj_out = getattr(state_out, get_method)(getattr(obj_in, key_attr))
     assert obj_in is not obj_out
@@ -830,7 +832,7 @@ class Charm(ops.CharmBase):
     assert state.get_relations('sub')[0].interface == 'below'
     assert isinstance(state.storages, frozenset)
     assert len(state.storages) == 1
-    assert tuple(state.storages)[0].name == 'storage'
+    assert next(iter(state.storages)).name == 'storage'
     assert isinstance(state.stored_states, frozenset)
     assert len(state.stored_states) == 1
     assert state.get_stored_state('_stored', owner_path='Charm').name == '_stored'
@@ -881,7 +883,7 @@ class Charm(ops.CharmBase):
     assert state.get_relation(relation.id).remote_app_data == {'a': 'b'}
     assert isinstance(state.storages, frozenset)
     assert len(state.storages) == 1
-    assert tuple(state.storages)[0].name == 'storage'
+    assert next(iter(state.storages)).name == 'storage'
     assert isinstance(state.stored_states, frozenset)
     assert len(state.stored_states) == 1
     assert state.get_stored_state('_stored', owner_path='Charm').name == '_stored'
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_status.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_status.py
index 872c8a4ad..4c45241b1 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_status.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_status.py
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import ops
 import pytest
-from ops.charm import CharmBase
-from ops.framework import Framework
-
 from scenario import Context
+from scenario.errors import UncaughtCharmError
 from scenario.state import (
     ActiveStatus,
     BlockedStatus,
@@ -15,7 +15,11 @@
     UnknownStatus,
     WaitingStatus,
 )
-from scenario.errors import UncaughtCharmError
+
+import ops
+from ops.charm import CharmBase
+from ops.framework import Framework
+
 from ..helpers import trigger
 
 
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_storage.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_storage.py
index 3ac6c2075..604be52f3 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_storage.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_storage.py
@@ -1,17 +1,26 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import pytest
-from ops import CharmBase, ModelError
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import Any
 
+import pytest
 from scenario import Context, State, Storage
 
+from ops import CharmBase, ModelError
+
 
 class MyCharmWithStorage(CharmBase):
-    META = {'name': 'charlene', 'storage': {'foo': {'type': 'filesystem'}}}
+    META: Mapping[str, Any] = {
+        'name': 'charlene',
+        'storage': {'foo': {'type': 'filesystem'}},
+    }
 
 
 class MyCharmWithoutStorage(CharmBase):
-    META = {'name': 'patrick'}
+    META: Mapping[str, Any] = {'name': 'patrick'}
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_stored_state.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_stored_state.py
index 39a36c3ce..55ae55a9d 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_stored_state.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_stored_state.py
@@ -1,22 +1,27 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import Any, ClassVar
+
 import pytest
+from scenario.state import State, StoredState
 
 import ops
-from ops.framework import StoredState as ops_storedstate
-
-from scenario.state import State, StoredState
+from ops.framework import StoredState as OpsStoredstate
 from tests.helpers import trigger
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope='function')
 def mycharm():
     class MyCharm(ops.CharmBase):
-        META = {'name': 'mycharm'}
+        META: Mapping[str, Any] = {'name': 'mycharm'}
 
-        _read = {}
-        _stored = ops_storedstate()
-        _stored2 = ops_storedstate()
+        _read: ClassVar[dict[str, Any]] = {}
+        _stored = OpsStoredstate()
+        _stored2 = OpsStoredstate()
 
         def __init__(self, framework: ops.Framework):
             super().__init__(framework)
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_trace_data.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_trace_data.py
index a86cf865b..7a0f48550 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_trace_data.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_trace_data.py
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
 
-import ops
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 from scenario import Context, State
 
+import ops
+
 META = {
     'name': 'traced_charm',
     'requires': {'charm-tracing': {'interface': 'tracing', 'limit': 1}},
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_vroot.py b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_vroot.py
index dd299f8e8..e5ee12a96 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_vroot.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_e2e/test_vroot.py
@@ -1,20 +1,26 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import tempfile
+from collections.abc import Mapping
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
 import yaml
+from scenario import Context, State
+
 from ops.charm import CharmBase
 from ops.framework import Framework
 from ops.model import ActiveStatus
 
-from scenario import Context, State
 from ..helpers import trigger
 
 
 class MyCharm(CharmBase):
-    META = {'name': 'my-charm'}
+    META: Mapping[str, Any] = {'name': 'my-charm'}
 
     def __init__(self, framework: Framework):
         super().__init__(framework)
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_emitted_events_util.py b/testing/tests/test_emitted_events_util.py
index 6792823e8..86c2bfdbb 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_emitted_events_util.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_emitted_events_util.py
@@ -1,11 +1,17 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from ops.charm import CharmBase, CharmEvents, CollectStatusEvent, StartEvent
-from ops.framework import CommitEvent, EventBase, EventSource, PreCommitEvent
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import Any
 
 from scenario import Context, State
 from scenario.state import _Event
 
+from ops.charm import CharmBase, CharmEvents, CollectStatusEvent, StartEvent
+from ops.framework import CommitEvent, EventBase, EventSource, PreCommitEvent
+
 
 class Foo(EventBase):
     pass
@@ -16,7 +22,7 @@ class MyCharmEvents(CharmEvents):
 
 
 class MyCharm(CharmBase):
-    META = {'name': 'mycharm'}
+    META: Mapping[str, Any] = {'name': 'mycharm'}
     on = MyCharmEvents()
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_plugin.py b/testing/tests/test_plugin.py
index 47d4419ea..3c7109d6d 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_plugin.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_plugin.py
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import sys
diff --git a/testing/tests/test_runtime.py b/testing/tests/test_runtime.py
index 3c90c5c12..835f56405 100644
--- a/testing/tests/test_runtime.py
+++ b/testing/tests/test_runtime.py
@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
+# Copyright 2023 Canonical Ltd.
+# See LICENSE file for licensing details.
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
 from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
 
 import pytest
+from scenario import ActiveStatus, Context
+from scenario._runtime import Runtime, UncaughtCharmError
+from scenario.state import Relation, State, _CharmSpec, _Event
 
 import ops
 from ops._main import _Abort
 
-from scenario import Context, ActiveStatus
-from scenario.state import Relation, State, _CharmSpec, _Event
-from scenario._runtime import Runtime, UncaughtCharmError
-
 
 def charm_type():
     class _CharmEvents(ops.CharmEvents):