diff --git a/src/tapedfunction.jl b/src/tapedfunction.jl
index 083cfccc..1284c78d 100644
--- a/src/tapedfunction.jl
+++ b/src/tapedfunction.jl
@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@ mutable struct Instruction{F} <: AbstractInstruction
     tape::Tape
 end
 
+mutable struct TapeInstruction <: AbstractInstruction
+    subtape::Tape
+    tape::Tape
+end
+
 Tape() = Tape(Vector{AbstractInstruction}(), 1, nothing)
 Tape(owner) = Tape(Vector{AbstractInstruction}(), 1, owner)
 MacroTools.@forward Tape.tape Base.iterate, Base.length
@@ -21,6 +26,9 @@ const NULL_TAPE = Tape()
 
 function setowner!(tape::Tape, owner)
     tape.owner = owner
+    for ins in tape
+        isa(ins, TapeInstruction) && setowner!(ins.subtape, owner)
+    end
     return tape
 end
 
@@ -52,6 +60,12 @@ function Base.show(io::IO, instruction::Instruction)
     println(io, "Instruction($(fun)$(map(val, instruction.input)), tape=$(objectid(tape)))")
 end
 
+function Base.show(io::IO, ti::TapeInstruction)
+    subtape = ti.subtape
+    tape = ti.tape
+    println(io, "TapeInstruction($(subtape)), tape=$(objectid(tape)))")
+end
+
 function Base.show(io::IO, tp::Tape)
     buf = IOBuffer()
     print(buf, "$(length(tp))-element Tape")
@@ -70,10 +84,19 @@ function (instr::Instruction{F})() where F
     instr.output.val = output
 end
 
+function (instr::TapeInstruction)()
+    run(instr.subtape)
+end
+
 function increase_counter!(t::Tape)
     t.counter > length(t) && return
-    # instr = t[t.counter]
-    t.counter += 1
+    instr = t[t.counter]
+    if isa(instr, TapeInstruction)
+        increase_counter!(instr.subtape)
+    else
+        # must be a produce instruction?
+        t.counter += 1
+    end
     return t
 end
 
@@ -84,21 +107,62 @@ function run(tape::Tape, args...)
     end
     for instruction in tape
         instruction()
-        increase_counter!(tape)
+        tape.counter += 1
     end
 end
 
+# if we should trace into a function
+# TODO:
+#     overload (instr::Instruction{F})() to specify
+#     which function to trace into
+function trace_into end
+trace_into(x) = false
+
 function run_and_record!(tape::Tape, f, args...)
     f = val(f) # f maybe a Boxed closure
-    output = try
-        box(f(map(val, args)...))
-    catch e
-        @warn e
-        Box{Any}(nothing)
+    should_trace = trace_into(f)
+    if !should_trace
+        output = try
+            box(f(map(val, args)...))
+        catch e
+            @warn e
+            Box{Any}(nothing)
+        end
+        ins = Instruction(f, args, output, tape)
+        push!(tape, ins)
+        return output
+    else
+        real_args = map(val, args)
+        ir = IRTools.@code_ir f(real_args...)
+        ir = intercept(ir; recorder=:run_and_record!)
+        # 1. we should distinguish fixed args and varargs here
+        arg_len = ir |> IRTools.arguments |> length
+        arg_len -= 2 # 1 for f, 1 for vargs
+        p_args = real_args[1:arg_len]
+        v_args = arg_len < 1 ? real_args : real_args[arg_len+1:end]
+        # detect if there is an vararg for f
+        if length(v_args) == 1
+            m = which(f, typeof(real_args))
+            no_vararg = @static if VERSION >= v"1.7"
+                (m.sig <: Tuple) && hasproperty(m.sig, :types) &&
+                    !isa(m.sig.types[end], Core.TypeofVararg)
+            else
+                (m.sig <: Tuple) && hasproperty(m.sig, :types) &&
+                    !(m.sig.types[end] <: Vararg{Any})
+            end
+            if no_vararg
+                v_args = v_args[1]
+            end
+        end
+        subtape = IRTools.evalir(ir, f, p_args..., v_args)
+        # 2. we should recover the args after getting the tape
+        #    to keep the chain complete
+        subtape[1].input = args
+        ins = TapeInstruction(subtape, tape)
+        output = subtape[end].output
+        push!(tape, ins)
+        return output
     end
-    ins = Instruction(f, args, output, tape)
-    push!(tape, ins)
-    return output
 end
 
 function unbox_condition(ir)
diff --git a/src/tapedtask.jl b/src/tapedtask.jl
index e6da976d..dfcf883e 100644
--- a/src/tapedtask.jl
+++ b/src/tapedtask.jl
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ TapedTask(f, args...) = TapedTask(TapedFunction(f, arity=length(args)), args...)
 TapedTask(t::TapedTask, args...) = TapedTask(func(t), args...)
 func(t::TapedTask) = t.tf.func
 
-
 function step_in(t::Tape, args)
     len = length(t)
     if(t.counter <= 1 && length(args) > 0)
@@ -60,7 +59,12 @@ function step_in(t::Tape, args)
         t[1].input = input
     end
     while t.counter <= len
-        t[t.counter]()
+        ins = t[t.counter]
+        if isa(ins, TapeInstruction)
+            step_in(ins.subtape, ())
+        else
+            ins()
+        end
         # produce and wait after an instruction is done
         ttask = t.owner.owner
         if length(ttask.produced_val) > 0
@@ -68,10 +72,11 @@ function step_in(t::Tape, args)
             put!(ttask.produce_ch, val)
             take!(ttask.consume_ch) # wait for next consumer
         end
-        increase_counter!(t)
+        t.counter += 1
     end
 end
 
+
 function next_step!(t::TapedTask)
     increase_counter!(t.tf.tape)
     return t
@@ -99,7 +104,6 @@ function (instr::Instruction{typeof(produce)})()
 end
 =#
 
-
 # ** Approach (B) to implement `produce`:
 # This way has its caveat:
 # `produce` may deeply hide in an instruction, but not be an instruction
@@ -107,6 +111,8 @@ end
 # the instruction after the one which contains this `produce` call. If the
 # call to `produce` is not the last expression in the instuction, that
 # instruction will not be whole executed in the copied task.
+# With the abilty to trace into nested function call, we can minimize the
+# limitation of this caveat.
 @inline function is_in_tapedtask()
     ct = current_task()
     ct.storage === nothing && return false
@@ -119,6 +125,8 @@ end
 function produce(val)
     is_in_tapedtask() || return nothing
     ttask = current_task().storage[:tapedtask]
+    # put!(ttask.produce_ch, val)
+    # take!(ttask.consume_ch) # wait for next consumer
     length(ttask.produced_val) > 1 &&
         error("There is a produced value which is not consumed.")
     push!(ttask.produced_val, val)
@@ -199,6 +207,11 @@ function Base.copy(x::Instruction, on_tape::Tape, roster::Dict{UInt64, Any})
     Instruction(x.fun, input, output, on_tape)
 end
 
+function Base.copy(x::TapeInstruction, on_tape::Tape, roster::Dict{UInt64, Any})
+    subtape = copy(x.subtape, roster)
+    TapeInstruction(subtape, on_tape)
+end
+
 function Base.copy(t::Tape, roster::Dict{UInt64, Any})
     old_data = t.tape
     new_data = Vector{AbstractInstruction}()
@@ -223,7 +236,6 @@ function Base.copy(tf::TapedFunction)
 end
 
 function Base.copy(t::TapedTask)
-    # t.counter[] <= 1 && error("Can't copy a TapedTask which is not running.")
     tf = copy(t.tf)
     new_t = TapedTask(tf)
     new_t.task.storage = copy(t.task.storage)
diff --git a/test/runtests.jl b/test/runtests.jl
index 2749827a..39c8c08e 100644
--- a/test/runtests.jl
+++ b/test/runtests.jl
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ using Libtask
 using Test
 
 include("ctask.jl")
+include("special-instuctions.jl")
 include("tarray.jl")
 include("tref.jl")
 
diff --git a/test/special-instuctions.jl b/test/special-instuctions.jl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fec2cfff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/special-instuctions.jl
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+@testset "Special Instructions" begin
+
+    @testset "TapeInstruction" begin
+        i1(x) = i2(x)
+        i2(x) = produce(x)
+
+        Libtask.trace_into(::typeof(i1)) = true
+        Libtask.trace_into(::typeof(i2)) = true
+
+        function f()
+            t = 0
+            while t < 4
+                i1(t)
+                t = 1 + t
+            end
+        end
+
+        ctask = CTask(f)
+        @test consume(ctask) == 0
+        @test consume(ctask) == 1
+        a = copy(ctask)
+        @test consume(a) == 2
+        @test consume(a) == 3
+        @test consume(ctask) == 2
+        @test consume(ctask) == 3
+    end
+
+end