Created new React Native Components entry (#1269)

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Author: ericsonrd

content/react/concepts/react-native/terms/components/components.md

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+---
+Title: 'Components'
+Description: 'Describes the appearance and behavior of the UI of a mobile application.'
+Subjects:
+  - 'Mobile Development'
+Tags:
+  - 'Components'
+  - 'React Native'
+  - 'UI'
+CatalogContent:
+  - 'learn-react-native'
+  - 'paths/front-end-engineer-career-path'
+---
+
+[**Components**](https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/react/components) are units of reusable code that describe the appearance and behavior of a mobile application's [user interface (UI)](https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/uiux/ui-design).
+
+## UI Views
+
+Represented as small, rectangular, and oftentimes nestable elements, views can display text, media, and respond to user input. React Native invokes views in their native environment with JavaScript.
+
+![React Native to Native UI Representation](https://github.com/Codecademy/docs/tree/main/media/react_native_UI_Views.png)
+
+## Native Components
+
+These previously mentioned platform-backed components are called Native Components. Whether iOS or Android, React Native creates the corresponding, platform-specific view(s) for these components at runtime. Therefore, React Native apps look, feel, and perform like Native apps.
+
+## Core Components
+
+React Native offers a set of essential, ready-to-use native components called core components. There are many components ranging from text to activity indicators. Most apps will use these core components:
+
+| Core Component | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
+| -------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `<View>`       | A common container component that supports layout with flexbox, styles, touch handling, accessibility controls, and can contain other components inside such as other views. It is analogous to a non-scrolling [`<div>`](https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/html/elements/div) HTML element.          |
+| `<Text>`       | Displays text and supports styles and touch events. It is analogous to a [paragraph element](https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/html/paragraphs).                                                                                                                                                      |
+| `<Image>`      | Displays different types of images, including from network, static, local disks, and from ‘data:’ [URI](https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/general/uri) scheme. It is analogous to an [image element](https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/html/images).                                          |
+| `<TextInput>`  | Allows the input of text by the user and provides several configuration capabilities such as auto-correction, auto-capitalization, placeholder text, etc. It is analogous to an [`<input>`](https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/html/elements/input) element with its `type` attribute set to `"text"`. |
+| `<ScrollView>` | A container that can nest multiple components and views that can scroll vertically or horizontally. It is analogous to a scrolling `div` element.                                                                                                                                                             |
+
+## Community Components
+
+Components can also be custom-built; there’s a big ecosystem of these community-built components that can be accessed on the [Native Directory](https://reactnative.directory/).
+
+![React and React Native Components](https://github.com/Codecademy/docs/tree/main/media/react_react_native_components.png)
+
+### Examples
+
+React Native uses the same component syntax structure for its views to display elements to the screen, like in [React.js](https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/react). The following examples are of a `Box` component defined as both a class and functional component:
+
+```jsx
+import React, { Component } from 'react';
+import { Text } from 'react-native';
+
+// Functional Component
+const Box = () => {
+  return <Text>I have a small box</Text>;
+};
+
+// Class Component
+class Box extends Component {
+  render() {
+    return <Text>I have a small box</Text>;
+  }
+}
+
+export default Box;
+```
+
+> **Note:** To test this example, either the class or function definition of the `Box` component must be commented out before doing so.
+
+## JSX, Props, and State
+
+Components also use [JSX](https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/react/jsx), accept [props](https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/react/props), and manage [state](https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/react/state).
+
+### JSX
+
+As in React, the JSX syntax in React Native allows elements and variables to be written inside the JavaScript:
+
+```jsx
+import React from 'react';
+import { Text } from 'react-native';
+
+const Box = () => {
+  const size = “small”;
+  return (
+    <Text>I have a {size} box</Text>
+  );
+}
+
+export default Box;
+```
+
+### Props
+
+Most core components in React Native accept props. For example, different sizes for the `Box` component can be passed via props:
+
+```jsx
+import React from 'react';
+import { View, Text } from 'react-native';
+
+const Box = (props) => {
+  return (
+    <Text>I have a {props.size} box</Text>
+  );
+}
+
+const BoxCollection = () => {
+  return (
+    <View>
+      <Box size=“small” />
+      <Box size=“medium” />
+      <Box size=“large” />
+    </View>
+  );
+}
+
+export default BoxCollection;
+```
+
+### State
+
+Like in React, components in React Native also use state to handle data that changes over time, such as with user interaction:
+
+```jsx
+import React, { useState } from 'react';
+import { View, Text, Button } from 'react-native';
+
+const Box = () => {
+  const [size, setSize] = useState('small');
+  return (
+    <View>
+      <Text>I have a {size} box</Text>
+      <Button color="red" onPress={() => setSize('small')} title="Small" />
+      <Button color="blue" onPress={() => setSize('medium')} title="Medium" />
+      <Button color="orange" onPress={() => setSize('large')} title="Large" />
+    </View>
+  );
+};
+
+export default Box;
+```